Display apparatus

1. A display apparatus, comprising:

a display panel configured to display an image; and

at least one vibration module on a rear surface of the display panel, the at least one vibration module comprising a piezoelectric composite layer comprising a plurality of sub-modules configured to vibrate the display panel, the plurality of sub-modules including:

a first sub-module;

a second sub-module;

a third sub-module; and

a fourth sub-module,

wherein each of the first to the fourth sub-modules includes:

a plurality of first portions including a piezoelectric characteristic, and

a plurality of second portions having flexibility, each of the plurality of second portions being between a respective pair of the plurality first portions, and

wherein an arrangement direction of the plurality of first portions in any two of the sub-modules is different from an arrangement direction of the plurality of first portions in other two of the sub-modules.

2. The display apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:

the plurality of first portions comprise an inflexible inorganic material; and

the plurality of second portions comprise a flexible organic material.

3. The display apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the flexible organic material is configured to absorb an impact applied to the inflexible inorganic material or to the display apparatus.

4. The display apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:

an adhesion member between the display panel and the at least one vibration module,

wherein an adhesion strength of the adhesion member over the plurality of second portions is greater than an adhesion strength of the adhesion member over the plurality of first portions.

5. The display apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of first portions in each of the plurality of sub-modules:

extend in a first direction on the plane; or

extend in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction.

6. The display apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first to fourth sub-modules are in a 2×2 arrangement.

7. The display apparatus of claim 6 , wherein the plurality of first portions in the first to fourth sub-modules are arranged in a same direction.

8. The display apparatus of claim 6 , wherein an arrangement direction of the plurality of first portions in the first and second sub-modules is different from an arrangement direction of the plurality of first portions in the third and fourth sub-modules.

9. The display apparatus of claim 6 , wherein an arrangement direction of the plurality of first portions in the first and third sub-modules is different from an arrangement direction of the plurality of first portions in the second and fourth sub-modules.

10. The display apparatus of claim 1 , further comprises a plate between the display panel and the at least one vibration module.

11. A display apparatus, comprising:

a display panel comprising first and second areas, the display panel being configured to display an image; and

a plurality of vibration modules on a rear surface of the display panel, the plurality of vibration modules being configured to vibrate the first area and the second area, each of the plurality of vibration modules comprising a piezoelectric composite layer comprising a plurality of sub-modules, each of the plurality of sub-modules comprising:

a plurality of first portions including a piezoelectric characteristic; and

a plurality of second portions having flexibility, each of the plurality of second portions being between a respective pair of the plurality first portions,

wherein the plurality of first portions in the respective sub-modules are arranged in a same direction or are partially arranged in different directions, and

wherein the plurality of vibration modules comprises:

a first vibration module overlapping the first area,

a second vibration module overlapping the first area, and alternately or diagonally disposed with the first vibration module,

a third vibration module overlapping the second area, and

a fourth vibration module overlapping the second area, and alternately or diagonally disposed with the third vibration module, wherein an arrangement direction of the plurality of first portions in the plurality of sub-modules in the first vibration module is different from an arrangement direction of the plurality of first portions in the plurality of sub-modules in the second vibration module.

12. The display apparatus of claim 11 , wherein:

an arrangement direction of the plurality of first portions in the plurality of sub-modules in the first vibration module is identical to an arrangement direction of the plurality of first portions in the plurality of sub-modules in the third vibration module; and

an arrangement direction of the plurality of first portions in the plurality of sub-modules in the second vibration module is identical to an arrangement direction of the plurality of first portions in the plurality of sub-modules in the fourth vibration module.

13. The display apparatus of claim 11 , wherein the plurality of first portions in the plurality of sub-modules in each of the first and second vibration modules are arranged in a same direction.

14. The display apparatus of claim 13 , wherein each of the first to fourth vibration modules comprises:

a first sub-module in a left-sided upper portion of the piezoelectric composite layer;

a second sub-module in a right-sided upper portion of the piezoelectric composite layer;

a third sub-module in a left-sided lower portion of the piezoelectric composite layer; and

a fourth sub-module in a right-sided lower portion of the piezoelectric composite layer.

15. The display apparatus of claim 14 , wherein an arrangement direction of the plurality of first portions in the first and fourth sub-modules in the first vibration module is different from an arrangement direction of the plurality of first portions in the second and third sub-modules in the first vibration module.

16. The display apparatus of claim 14 , wherein an arrangement direction of the plurality of first portions in the first and third sub-modules in the first vibration module is different from an arrangement direction of the plurality of first portions in the second and fourth sub-modules in the first vibration module.

17. The display apparatus of claim 11 , wherein the plurality of vibration modules comprises:

a first vibration module overlapping the first area;

a second vibration module adjacent to the first vibration module in a vertical direction on the plane;

a third vibration module overlapping the second area; and

a fourth vibration module adjacent to the third vibration module in a vertical direction on the plane.

18. The display apparatus of claim 17 , wherein an arrangement direction of the plurality of first portions in the plurality of sub-modules in the first vibration module is different from an arrangement direction of the plurality of first portions in the plurality of sub-modules in the second vibration module.

19. The display apparatus of claim 17 , wherein each of the first to fourth vibration modules comprises:

a first sub-module in a left-sided upper portion of the piezoelectric composite layer;

a second sub-module in a right-sided upper portion of the piezoelectric composite layer;

a third sub-module in a left-sided lower portion of the piezoelectric composite layer; and

a fourth sub-module in a right-sided lower portion of the piezoelectric composite layer.

20. The display apparatus of claim 19 , wherein an arrangement direction of the plurality of first portions in the first and third sub-modules in the first vibration module is different from an arrangement direction of the plurality of first portions in the second and fourth sub-modules in the first vibration module.

21. The display apparatus of claim 11 , wherein the plurality of vibration modules comprises:

a first vibration module overlapping the first area;

a second vibration module adjacent to the first vibration module in a horizontal direction on the plane;

a third vibration module overlapping the second area; and

a fourth vibration module adjacent to the third vibration module in a horizontal direction on the plane.

22. The display apparatus of claim 21 , wherein each of the first to fourth vibration modules comprises:

a first sub-module in a left-sided upper portion of the piezoelectric composite layer;

a second sub-module in a right-sided upper portion of the piezoelectric composite layer;

a third sub-module in a left-sided lower portion of the piezoelectric composite layer; and

a fourth sub-module in a right-sided lower portion of the piezoelectric composite layer.

23. The display apparatus of claim 22 , wherein an arrangement direction of the plurality of first portions in the first and third sub-modules in the first vibration module is different from an arrangement direction of the plurality of first portions in the second and fourth sub-modules in the first vibration module.

24. The display apparatus of claim 11 , wherein the plurality of vibration modules comprises:

a first vibration module overlapping the first area;

a second vibration module;

a third vibration module overlapping the second area; and

a fourth vibration module,

wherein a plate is interposed between the display panel and each of the second to fourth vibration modules.