Systems and methods for reducing pressure at an outflow of a duct
Various systems and methods are provided for reducing pressure at an outflow of a duct such as the thoracic duct or the lymphatic duct. In one embodiment, an indwelling catheter can be configured to be at least partially implanted within a vein of a patient in the vicinity of an outflow port of a duct of the lymphatic system. The catheter can include first and second restrictors each configured to at least partially occlude the vein within which the catheter is implanted and thus to restrict fluid flow within the vein when the restrictors are activated. The restrictors can each be configured to move between an activated configuration, in which the restrictor occludes the vein, and a relaxed configuration, in which the restrictor does not occlude the vein. The catheter can include a pump, such as an axial motor pump, configured to pump fluid through the catheter.
1. A medical system, comprising:
a catheter configured to be positioned within a vein of a patient;
an impeller attached to a distal portion of the catheter;
a selectively deployable restrictor coupled to the catheter, at least a portion of the selectively deployable restrictor disposed around an axis of the impeller; and
at least one inlet opening proximal to the selectively deployable restrictor, wherein, when the impeller is activated, the impeller facilitates suction of fluid into the at least one inlet opening.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the restrictor includes a balloon.
3. The system of claim 2 , further comprising at least one inflation lumen extending along the catheter, the at least one inflation lumen being in fluid communication with the restrictor.
4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the restrictor is movable between an activated configuration in which the restrictor has a first diameter and a relaxed configuration in which the restrictor has a second diameter that is less than the first diameter.
5. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a controller configured to actuate the impeller.
6. The system of claim 5 , wherein the controller is configured to actuate the impeller in response to user operation of a control external to the body of the patient.
7. The system of claim 5 , further comprising a pressure sensor configured to be implanted in the body of the patient, the controller being configured to actuate the impeller in response to a pressure measured by the pressure sensor exceeding a predefined threshold.
8. The system of claim 5 , further comprising a pressure sensor configured to be implanted in the body of the patient, the controller being configured to control a speed of the impeller depending on a pressure measured by the pressure sensor.
9. The system of claim 1 , wherein the vein includes an internal jugular vein, an innominate vein, or a subclavian vein.
10. A catheter for treating edema, the catheter comprising:
a catheter;
a proximal restrictor disposed around a portion of the catheter;
a distal restrictor coupled to a distal portion of the catheter;
at least one opening proximal to the distal restrictor;
an impeller attached to the distal portion of the catheter, wherein at least a portion of the distal restrictor is disposed around an axis of the impeller; and
a drive shaft extending proximally from the impeller to a motor.
11. The catheter of claim 10 , further comprising a distally-tapering atraumatic tip.
12. The catheter of claim 11 , wherein the tip comprises a discharge opening.
13. The catheter of claim 10 , wherein the motor is external to the extended catheter shaft.
14. The catheter of claim 10 , further comprising a bearing proximal to the impeller to stabilize the impeller within the catheter.
15. A catheter for treating edema, the catheter comprising:
a catheter dimensioned for insertion into an internal jugular vein or a subclavian vein of a patient;
at least one proximal opening and at least one distal opening along a portion of the catheter;
an impeller operably connected to a motor via a drive shaft, the impeller located at least partially within a section of the catheter extending substantially between the proximal and distal inlet openings; and
at least one selectively-deployable restrictor disposed about the section of the catheter, wherein at least a portion of one of the at least one selectively-deployable restrictor is disposed around an axis of the impeller.