Interventional device having an integrated embolic filter and associated methods
A percutaneous transluminal angioplasty device, comprising an elongated catheter, an interventional device operably coupled to the proximal end of the catheter, a filter operably coupled to the distal end of the catheter, the filter movable between a collapsed and deployed position, and an actuator wire for deploying the collapsing the filter. At least a portion of the actuator wire extends within the catheter. The filter comprises a filter chassis comprising a movable collar a fixed collar and a tubular braided scaffolding coupled between the movable collar and the fixed collar. The filter chassis also comprises a filter membrane coupled to the tubular braided scaffolding.
1. A percutaneous, transluminal angioplasty device comprising:
an elongated catheter having a longitudinal axis, a proximal end portion, a distal end portion and an outer side wall;
an interventional device operably coupled to the proximal end portion of the catheter;
a filter operably coupled to the distal end portion of the catheter, the filter movable between a collapsed position and a deployed position, the filter comprising:
a filter chassis comprising:
a movable collar slidably coupled to the catheter,
a fixed collar spaced from the movable collar relative to the longitudinal axis of the catheter, the fixed collar immovably coupled to the catheter,
a tubular braided scaffolding having a first end coupled to the movable collar and an opposed second end coupled to the fixed collar, and
a filter membrane coupled to an interior surface of the tubular braided scaffolding and extending to at least the distal end of the filter chassis; and
an actuator wire, at least a portion of the actuator wire extending within the catheter, a distal end of the actuator wire exiting the catheter through a port provided on an outer side wall of the catheter, the distal end of the actuator wire being coupled to the movable collar;
a handle coupled to the proximal end portion of the catheter and operably coupled to a proximal end of the actuator wire at a screw, and an actuator coupled to the screw, the activation of the actuator effecting axial displacement of the screw, and, correspondingly, the actuator wire, relative to a longitudinal axis of the handle,
wherein rotation of the screw causes the actuator wire to move along the longitudinal axis of the catheter, where movement of the actuator wire causes the filter to move between the collapsed position and the deployed position by exerting a force on and moving the movable collar relative to the fixed collar along the longitudinal axis of the catheter; and
wherein the tubular braided scaffolding has a shape memory of a collapsed configuration and the filter membrane has a shape memory of an expanded configuration.
2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the tubular braided scaffolding comprises a plurality of wire cross-overs along each of a plurality of wires, wherein when traveling along a selected wire, the plurality of wires extending transverse to the selected wire cross the selected wire in a repeating sequence of one transverse wire over the selected wire followed by one transverse wire under the selected wire.
3. The device of claim 1 , wherein the tubular braided scaffolding comprises a plurality of wire cross-overs along each of a plurality of wires, wherein when traveling along a selected wire, the plurality of wires extending transverse to the selected wire cross the selected wire in a repeating sequence of two tranverse wires over the selected wire followed by one transverse wire under the selected wire.
4. The device of claim 1 , wherein movement of the actuator wire causes the filter to expand to the deployed position.
5. The device of claim 4 , wherein during a first rotational direction of the screw, the movable collar is displaced toward the fixed collar, expanding the filter towards the deployed position, and during a second rotational direction of the screw, the movable collar is displaced away from the fixed collar, moving the filter towards the collapsed position.
6. The device of claim 1 , wherein when the filter is in the deployed position, the filter chassis is sized and configured to conform to a shape of a target vessel over a length of the target vessel.
7. The device of claim 1 , wherein the tubular braided scaffolding further comprises a plurality of wires and each wire of the plurality of wires moves independently with respect to the other wires between the movable collar and the fixed collar as the filter moves between the collapsed position and the deployed position.
8. The device of claim 7 , wherein the tubular braided scaffolding includes from about 6 to about 20 wire crossover portions per inch along a length of at least one of the plurality of wires.
9. The device of claim 7 , wherein the tubular braded scaffolding comprises at least one cross over portion and the at least one non-cross over portion, and wherein the filter membrane is coupled to at least one non-crossover portion of the tubular braided scaffolding.
10. The device of claim 7 , wherein the tubular braded scaffolding comprises at least one cross over portion and the at least one non-cross over portion, and wherein the filter membrane is coupled to a non-crossover portion provided at a location adjacent to a maximum radial displacement of the filter chassis when in the deployed position.
11. The device of claim 10 , wherein the filter membrane extends beyond the filter chassis in a longitudinal direction relative to the longitudinal axis of the catheter.
12. The device of claim 1 , wherein the interventional device is an angioplasty device, the angioplasty device including at least one of an angioplasty balloon, a stent, a mechanical thrombectomy device, an atherectomy device, a valvulplasty device, or an ablation device.
13. The device of claim 1 , wherein the filter membrane is folded over itself.
14. The device of claim 1 , wherein the filter membrane comprises a braided mesh.
15. A method of filtering embolic particles during an angioplasty procedure, the method comprising:
guiding a catheter through a vascular system of a subject;
positioning an embolic filter attached to the catheter downstream of a blocked or partially blocked region of a blood vessel, the embolic filter comprising a self-expanding filter membrane coupled to an interior surface of a self-collapsing tubular braided scaffolding;
positioning an angioplasty device attached to the catheter within the blocked or partially blocked region of the blood vessel;
moving an actuator wire attached to a movable side of the embolic filter in a first direction, thereby overcoming a self-collapsing bias within the embolic filter and opening the embolic filter to an expanded position within the blood vessel;
expanding the angioplasty device against the blocked or partially blocked region of the blood vessel;
collapsing the angioplasty device;
capturing embolic particles against a filter membrane of the embolic filter;
moving the actuator wire attached to the movable side of the embolic filter in a second direction that is opposite to the first direction, thereby allowing the self-collapsing bias within the embolic filter to close the embolic filter; and
removing the catheter, embolic filter, and angioplasty device from the vascular system of the subject.
16. The method of filtering embolic particles of claim 15 , further comprising maintaining the embolic filter in the expanded position for a time period of 5 minutes or less.
17. The method of filtering embolic particles of claim 15 , wherein the angioplasty device is an angioplasty balloon, expanding the angioplasty device comprises inflating the angioplasty balloon, and collapsing the angioplasty device comprises deflating the angioplasty balloon.
18. The method of filtering embolic particles of claim 15 , wherein moving the actuator wire attached to the movable side of the embolic filter in the first direction further comprises pulling the actuator wire in a proximal direction.
19. The method of filtering embolic particles of claim 15 , wherein moving the actuator wire attached to the movable side of the embolic filter in the first direction further comprises rotating an actuator positioned adjacent to a proximal end portion of the catheter and attached to a proximal end of the actuator wire.
20. The method of filtering embolic particles of claim 15 , wherein the movable side of the embolic filter is movably attached to the catheter, the fixed side of the embolic filter is fixedly attached to the catheter, and overcoming a self-collapsing bias within the embolic filter and opening the embolic filter to an expanded position further comprises moving the movable side of the embolic filter toward a fixed side of the embolic filter.
21. The method of filtering embolic particles of claim 15 , wherein the filter membrane is folded over itself.
22. The method of filtering embolic particles of claim 15 , wherein the filter membrane comprises a braided mesh.