Method and apparatus for recovering fibers embedded in a composite material
A method for recovering fibers embedded in a composite material including loading a furnace chamber with a volume of the composite material; thermolyzing the composite material in the furnace chamber, resulting in a gaseous fraction that is continuously evacuated from the furnace chamber, and a residue of fibers covered with char that is left in the furnace chamber; cracking the gaseous fraction from the thermolyzing operation, resulting in a mixture of condensable and non-condensable gases that can be recycled; injecting a stream of an oxygen-containing gas into the still hot furnace chamber after the thermolyzing is completed therein, to burn the char from the fibers in an exothermic combustion.
1. A method for recovering fibers embedded in a composite material including using two furnace chambers, the method comprising:
loading a first furnace chamber with a volume of a composite material;
thermolyzing the composite material in said first furnace chamber, resulting in a gaseous fraction that is continuously evacuated from the first furnace chamber, and a residue of fibers covered with char that is left in the first furnace chamber;
cracking the gaseous fraction from the thermolyzing, resulting in a mixture of one or more condensable gases with one or more non-condensable gases;
injecting a stream of an oxygen-containing gas into the still hot first furnace chamber after the thermolyzing is completed therein, to burn the char from the fibers in an exothermic combustion;
loading a second furnace chamber with a volume of the composite material;
thermolyzing the composite material in the second furnace chamber, with heat being contributed by the combustion that is taking or has taken place in the first furnace chamber, resulting in a gaseous fraction that is continuously evacuated from the second furnace chamber, and a residue of fibers covered with char that is left in the second furnace chamber;
cracking the gaseous fraction from the thermolyzing in the second furnace chamber, resulting in a mixture of one or more condensable with one or more non-condensable gases;
unloading clean fibers from the first furnace chamber and loading the first furnace chamber with a volume of the composite material;
injecting a stream of an oxygen-containing gas into the still hot second furnace chamber after the thermolyzing is completed therein, in order to burn the char from the fibers in an exothermic combustion;
thermolyzing the composite material in the first furnace chamber, with heat being contributed by the combustion that is taking or has taken place in the second furnace chamber, resulting in a gaseous fraction that is continuously evacuated from the first furnace chamber, and a residue of fibers covered with char that is left in the first furnace chamber;
cracking the gaseous fraction from the thermolyzing in the first furnace chamber, resulting in a mixture of condensable and non-condensable gases;
unloading clean fibers from the second furnace chamber and loading the second furnace chamber with a volume of the composite material;
injecting a stream of an oxygen-containing gas into the still hot first furnace chamber after the thermolyzing is completed therein, to burn the char from the fibers in an exothermic combustion.
2. The method of claim 1 , the thermolyzing being a pyrolysis.
3. The method of claim 2 , the pyrolysis being performed with the first furnace chamber at a temperature of 350-600° C.
4. The method of claim 3 , the oxygen-containing gas being air enriched with an additional 2-20% in volume of oxygen in comparison to normal air.
5. The method of claim 2 , the cracking being performed by circulating the gaseous fraction through a reducing agent.
6. The method of claim 1 , the cracking being performed by circulating the gaseous fraction through a reducing agent.
7. The method of claim 6 , the reducing agent being kept at a temperature of 250-400° C.
8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising using the one or more non-condensable gases for contributing heat to the first furnace chamber in the thermolyzing.
9. The method of claim 8 , the thermolysis being performed under vacuum.
10. The method of claim 1 , the thermolyzing being performed under vacuum.
11. The method of claim 1 , the oxygen-containing gas being air enriched with an additional 2-20% in volume of oxygen in comparison to normal air.
12. The method of claim 1 , the thermolyzing lasting between 1 and 4 hours.
13. The method of claim 1 , the combustion lasting between 1 and 4 hours.
14. The method of claim 1 , further comprising using the one or more non-condensable gases for contributing heat to one furnace chamber in the thermolyzing.