Integrated electronic circuit

1. An integrated electronic circuit, comprising:

a switching network configured to receive binary control states;

one or more secret-carrying gates, wherein each secret-carrying gate of the one or more secret-carrying gates represents Boolean secrets and is configured to receive binary input states and to output one or more Boolean secrets of the Boolean secrets according to a state sequence of the binary input states;

one or more flip-flops configured to store binary output states output by the switching network, and to supply binary input states to the one or more secret-carrying gates based on the binary output states, wherein the switching network is configured to combine the binary control states and a plurality of Boolean secrets output by the one or more secret-carrying gates to generate the binary output states, wherein the plurality of Boolean secrets comprise the one or more Boolean secrets output by each secret-carrying gate; and

an output configured to output at least one of the plurality of Boolean secrets output by the one or more secret-carrying gates or the binary output states output by the switching network to another integrated electronic circuit.

2. The integrated electronic circuit of claim 1 , wherein the switching network implements a multiplexer.

3. The integrated electronic circuit of claim 2 , wherein the plurality of Boolean secrets output by the one or more secret-carrying gates control which binary control states are output by the multiplexer as one or more binary output states.

4. The integrated electronic circuit of claim 1 , wherein:

each secret-carrying gate of the one or more secret-carrying gates comprises a plurality of field-effect transistor pairs configured such that in response to at least one of:

a first transition from a first binary input state of two input nodes of the secret-carrying gate; or

a second transition from a second binary input state of the input nodes of the secret-carrying gate,

one of:

if for each field-effect transistor pair of the plurality of field-effect transistor pairs, threshold voltages of the field-effect transistors of the field-effect transistor pair are equal, output nodes of the secret-carrying gate each have an undefined binary output state; or

if for each field-effect transistor pair of one or more field-effect transistor pairs of the plurality of field-effect transistor pairs, threshold voltages of the field-effect transistors of the field-effect transistor pair are not equal, the output nodes each have one predefined binary output state based on threshold voltages of the field-effect transistors of the field-effect transistor pair.

5. The integrated electronic circuit of claim 4 , wherein Boolean secrets represented by a secret-carrying gate of the one or more secret-carrying gates are predefined binary output states of output nodes of the secret-carrying gate.

6. The integrated electronic circuit of claim 4 , wherein the secret-carrying gate has one or more pairs of competing paths such that for each field-effect transistor pair, the field-effect transistors of the field-effect transistor pair are located in different competing paths of a pair of competing paths.

7. A chip, comprising:

one or more integrated electronic circuits, wherein each integrated electronic circuit of the one or more integrated electronic circuits comprises:

a switching network configured to receive binary control states;

one or more secret-carrying gates, wherein each secret-carrying gate of the one or more secret-carrying gates represents Boolean secrets and is configured to receive binary input states and to output one or more Boolean secrets of the Boolean secrets according to a state sequence of the binary input states;

one or more flip-flops configured to store binary output states output by the switching network, and to supply binary input states to the one or more secret-carrying gates based on the binary output states, wherein the switching network is configured to combine the binary control states and a plurality of Boolean secrets output by the one or more secret-carrying gates to generate the binary output states, wherein the plurality of Boolean secrets comprise the one or more Boolean secrets output by each secret-carrying gate; and

an output configured to output at least one of the plurality of Boolean secrets output by the one or more secret-carrying gates or the binary output states output by the switching network to another integrated electronic circuit.

8. The chip of claim 7 , wherein:

the one or more integrated electronic circuits comprise a first integrated electronic circuit and a second integrated electronic circuit;

the second integrated electronic circuit is configured to output a signal via an output of the second integrated electronic circuit; and

the signal is fed to the first integrated electronic circuit.

9. The chip of claim 8 , comprising a combination circuit configured to generate binary control states received by the first integrated electronic circuit based on the signal output via the output of the second integrated electronic circuit.

10. The chip of claim 8 , wherein:

the first integrated electronic circuit is configured to output a second signal via a second output of the first integrated electronic circuit; and

the second signal is fed to the second integrated electronic circuit.

11. The chip of claim 10 , comprising a combination circuit configured to generate binary control states received by the second integrated electronic circuit based on the second signal output via the second output of the first integrated electronic circuit.

12. The chip of claim 7 , comprising a chain of integrated electronic circuits formed by a plurality of integrated electronic circuits of the one or more integrated electronic circuits, wherein a signal output via an output of a preceding integrated electronic circuit in the chain is fed to a subsequent integrated electronic circuit in the chain.

13. The chip of claim 12 , wherein:

the signal output via the output of the preceding integrated electronic circuit comprises at least one of one or more binary control states or one or more binary states; and

the subsequent integrated electronic circuit is configured to combine at least one of the one or more binary control states or the one or more binary states with stored binary output states.

14. The chip of claim 12 , wherein a second signal output via a second output of the subsequent integrated electronic circuit in the chain is fed to the preceding integrated electronic circuit in the chain.

15. The chip of claim 14 , wherein:

the second signal output via the output of the subsequent integrated electronic circuit comprises at least one of one or more binary control states or one or more binary states; and

the preceding integrated electronic circuit is configured to combine at least one of the one or more binary control states or the binary states with stored binary output states.

16. The chip of claim 12 , wherein at least one integrated electronic circuit of the plurality of integrated electronic circuits in the chain is supplied with a second signal output via a second output of the subsequent integrated electronic circuit in the chain and the signal output via the output of the preceding integrated electronic circuit in the chain.

17. The chip of claim 16 , wherein:

the signal output via the output of the preceding integrated electronic circuit comprises at least one of one or more first binary control states or one or more first binary states;

the second signal output via the output of the subsequent integrated electronic circuit comprises at least one of one or more second binary control states or one or more second binary states; and

the at least one integrated electronic circuit is configured to combine at least one of the one or more first binary control states, the one or more first binary states, the one or more second binary control states, or the one or more second binary states with stored binary output states.

18. The chip of claim 7 , comprising a non-volatile memory configured to:

store a value; and

supply, based on the value, an integrated electronic circuit of the one or more integrated electronic circuits with at least one of one or more binary control states or one or more binary states to be combined with stored binary output states.

19. The chip of claim 18 , wherein at least one of:

the non-volatile memory has a locking mechanism such that the non-volatile memory can only be written to once; or

the value is a chip-specific secret value.

20. An integrated electronic circuit, comprising:

a switching network configured to receive binary control states;

a secret-carrying gate representing Boolean secrets and configured to receive binary input states and to output one or more Boolean secrets of the Boolean secrets according to a state sequence of the binary input states;

one or more flip-flops configured to store binary output states output by the switching network, and to supply binary input states to the secret-carrying gate based on the binary output states, wherein the switching network is configured to combine the binary control states and the one or more Boolean secrets output by the secret-carrying gate to generate the binary output states; and

an output configured to output at least one of the one or more Boolean secrets output by the secret-carrying gate or the binary output states output by the switching network to another integrated electronic circuit.