Method to kill pathogenic microbes in a patient

1. A method to kill a pathogenic microbe in a patient, comprising:

transducing eukaryotic cells of the patient with a first viral vector that will not transfect the pathogenic microbe, the pathogenic microbe being an extracellular pathogenic microbe or a tissue-restricted pathogenic microbe, the first viral vector is replication defective and encodes in a recombinant genome of the first viral vector a first antimicrobial resistance gene and a first promoter operatively linked to the first antimicrobial resistance gene; and

administering an antimicrobial medication to the patient.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the first antimicrobial resistance gene is a bsr gene, the first promoter is a CMV promoter, and the first viral vector is a human adenovirus vector serotype 5 that encodes the bsr gene downstream of the CMV promoter.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein the first viral vector is selected to primarily transduce one or more specific types of eukaryotic cells of the patient.

4. The method of claim 3 wherein the one or more specific types of eukaryotic cells of the patient belongs to the group consisting of neural, cardiac, skeletal, or pulmonary cells.

5. The method of claim 3 wherein the first viral vector is a self-complementary adeno-associated virus serotype 9 vector (scAAV9), with Hb9 promoter enhancer elements and a synapsin 1 (SYN1) promoter that are upstream of pfmdr1, that primarily transduces CNS tissue of the patient.

6. The method of claim 5 wherein administering the antimicrobial medication to the patient comprises mefloquine administration.

7. The method of claim 1 wherein the first viral vector is modified to primarily transduce one or more specific types of eukaryotic cells of the patient.

8. The method of claim 1 further comprising transducing the eukaryotic cells of the patient with a second viral vector that will not transfect the pathogenic microbe, the second viral vector encoding in a recombinant genome of the second viral vector a second antimicrobial resistance gene and a second promoter, the second viral vector being replication defective.

9. The method of claim 8 wherein the second promoter is the same as the first promoter.

10. The method of claim 8 wherein the second viral vector is chosen to primarily transduce one or more specific types of eukaryotic cells of the patient.

11. The method of claim 10 wherein the first viral vector is a lentivirus vector with a VSV-G pseudotype, and the second viral vector is an adeno-associated virus serotype 1 that primarily transduces skeletal muscle cells, cardiac muscle cells, and central nervous system cells of the patient.

12. The method of claim 10 wherein the patient is a mouse.

13. The method of claim 12 wherein the first viral vector is a replication incompetent Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus vector containing a hph gene downstream of a murine ROSA promoter and the second viral vector is a pulmonary-specific influenza hemagglutinin-pseudotyped equine infectious anemia virus vector containing a hph gene downstream of a murine PGK1 promoter.

14. The method of claim 13 wherein administering the antimicrobial medication to the patient comprises hygromycin B administration.

15. The method of claim 8 wherein the patient is a human, the first viral vector is a herpes simplex virus 1 vector containing a mefE macrolide resistance gene downstream of a neural-specific SYN promoter, and the second viral vector is an adeno-associated virus serotype 6 vector containing mefE downstream of a cardiac-specific α-myosin heavy chain promoter, and wherein administering the antimicrobial medication to the patient comprises azithromycin administration.

16. The method of claim 1 wherein the antimicrobial medication is an antibiotic medication, and the pathogenic microbe is a bacterium.

17. The method of claim 16 wherein the first viral vector is a human adenovirus serotype 35 vector, containing a human PGP gene downstream of a human EF-1 promoter.

18. The method of claim 17 wherein administering the antimicrobial medication to the patient comprises ciprofloxacin administration.

19. The method of claim 1 wherein the pathogenic microbe is a fungus, and the antimicrobial medication is an antifungal agent selected from the group consisting of azoles, polyenes, echinocandins, and flucytosine.

20. The method of claim 19 wherein the first viral vector is an adeno-associated virus serotype 1 vector containing a CDR1 antifungal resistance gene downstream of a synthetic CAG promoter.

21. The method of claim 20 wherein administering the antimicrobial medication to the patient comprises voriconazole administration.

22. The method of claim 1 wherein the antimicrobial medication is an antiparasitic agent, and the pathogenic microbe is a parasite.

23. The method of claim 1 wherein the first promoter is selected from the group consisting of ubiquitous promoters, tissue-specific promoters, inducible promoters, and synthetic promoters.

24. The method of claim 23 wherein the first viral vector is a HIV-1 lentivirus vector, containing a tetX tetracycline resistance gene downstream of a TetOn inducible promoter.

25. The method of claim 24 wherein administering the antimicrobial medication to the patient comprises tetracycline administration.

26. The method of claim 1 wherein the first viral vector is administered intravenously to the patient before the antimicrobial medication is administered to the patient.

27. The method of claim 1 wherein the first viral vector is a human adenovirus serotype 11 vector, containing both the vgb and ermA antimicrobial resistance genes, each downstream of a GAPDH promoter.

28. The method of claim 27 wherein administering the antimicrobial medication to the patient comprises quinupristin administration and dalfopristin administration.

29. The method of claim 1 wherein the antimicrobial medication is systemically administered to the patient.