Method for operating a drive system of a motor vehicle and drive system

1. A method for operating a drive system ( 1 ) of a motor vehicle, the drive system ( 1 ) comprising a first planetary gear set ( 2 ) including a sun gear ( 4 ), a ring gear ( 5 ), and a carrier ( 6 ), the sun gear ( 4 ) of the first planetary gear set ( 2 ) being brakeable against a housing via a first form-fit shift element (A), and the sun gear ( 4 ) of the first planetary gear set ( 2 ) being coupleable to the carrier ( 6 ) of the first planetary gear set ( 2 ) via a second form-fit shift element (B) while providing a direct drive at the first planetary gear set ( 2 ), the drive system ( 1 ) further comprising a first electric machine ( 13 ) coupled to the ring gear ( 5 ) of the first planetary gear set ( 2 ) either directly or indirectly via a second planetary gear set ( 3 ), the drive system ( 1 ) additionally comprising a second electric machine ( 14 ) either directly coupleable to the sun gear ( 4 ) of the first planetary gear set ( 2 ) via a third form-fit shift element (C) or indirectly coupleable to the sun gear ( 4 ) of the first planetary gear set ( 2 ) via the second planetary gear set ( 3 ), wherein for implementing a powershift, during a purely electric driving operation, from a first gear ratio for the first electric machine ( 13 ) into a second gear ratio for the first electric machine ( 13 ), the method comprises:

initially coupling the second electric machine ( 14 ) to the sun gear ( 4 ) of the first planetary gear set ( 2 ) via the third form-fit shift element (C);

thereafter unloading one of the first form-fit shift element (A) and the second form-fit shift element (B) to be disengaged for the powershift via the second electric machine ( 14 );

subsequently disengaging the one of the first form-fit shift element (A) and the second form-fit shift element (B) to be disengaged for the powershift;

subsequently synchronizing another of the first form-fit shift element (A) and the second form-fit shift element (B) to be engaged for the powershift; and

subsequently engaging the other of the first form-fit shift element (A) and the second form-fit shift element (B) to be engaged for the powershift.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein, when the powershift is a traction power upshift,

the one of the first form-fit shift element (A) and the second form-fit shift element (B) to be unloaded and subsequently disengaged is the first form-fit shift element (A), and

the other of the first form-fit shift element (A) and the second form-fit shift element (B) to be synchronized and subsequently engaged is the second form-fit shift element (B), the second form-fit shift element (B) being synchronized and subsequently engaged via direct drive at the first planetary gear set ( 2 ).

3. The method of claim 2 , wherein synchronizing the second form-fit shift element (B) to be engaged comprises reducing a torque applied by the first electric machine ( 13 ) and increasing a torque applied by the second electric machine ( 14 ) such that the total power applied by the first and second electric machines ( 13 , 14 ) remains constant or approximately constant.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein, when the powershift is a coasting power downshift,

the one of the first form-fit shift element (A) and the second form-fit shift element (B) to be unloaded and subsequently disengaged is the second form-fit shift element (B),

the other of the first form-fit shift element (A) and the second form-fit shift element (B) to be synchronized and subsequently engaged is the first form-fit shift element (A), the first form-fit shift element (A) being synchronized by decelerating the sun gear ( 4 ) of the first planetary gear set ( 2 ) to a rotational speed of zero or approximately zero and being subsequently engaged.

5. The method of claim 4 , wherein synchronizing the first form-fit shift element (A) to be engaged comprises reducing the magnitude of a torque applied by the first electric machine ( 13 ) and increasing the magnitude of a torque applied by the second electric machine ( 14 ) such that the total power applied by the first and second electric machines ( 13 , 14 ) remains constant or approximately constant.

6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising decoupling the second electric machine ( 14 ) from the sun gear ( 4 ) of the first planetary gear set ( 2 ) via the third form-fit shift element (C) subsequent to the engagement of the other of the first form-fit shift element (A) and the second form-fit shift element (B) to be engaged for the powershift.

7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising, when the drive system ( 1 ) comprises an internal combustion engine ( 15 ) in addition to the first and second electric machines ( 13 , 14 ), decoupling the internal combustion engine ( 15 ), maintaining the internal combustion engine ( 15 ) decoupled, or both decoupling the internal combustion engine ( 15 ) and maintaining the internal combustion engine ( 15 ) decoupled.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein, when the drive system ( 1 ) comprises the second planetary gear set ( 3 ) in addition to the first planetary gear set ( 2 ) and at least one further form-fit shift element (E, F) in addition to the first, second, and third form-fit shift elements (A, B, C), the second electric machine ( 14 ) is either fixedly connected to a rotary element of the second planetary gear set ( 3 ) or is coupleable to a rotary element of the second planetary gear set ( 2 ) via the at least one further form-fit shift element (E, F).

9. A method for operating a drive system ( 1 ) of a motor vehicle, the drive system ( 1 ) comprising a first planetary gear set ( 2 ) including a sun gear ( 4 ), a ring gear ( 5 ), and a carrier ( 6 ), the sun gear ( 4 ) of the first planetary gear set ( 2 ) being brakeable against a housing via a first form-fit shift element (A), and the sun gear ( 4 ) of the first planetary gear set ( 2 ) being coupleable to the carrier ( 6 ) of the first planetary gear set ( 2 ) via a second form-fit shift element (B) while providing a direct drive at the first planetary gear set ( 2 ), the drive system ( 1 ) further comprising a first electric machine ( 13 ) coupled to the ring gear ( 5 ) of the first planetary gear set ( 2 ) either directly or indirectly via a second planetary gear set ( 3 ), the drive system ( 1 ) additionally comprising a second electric machine ( 14 ) either directly coupleable to the sun gear ( 4 ) of the first planetary gear set ( 2 ) via a third form-fit shift element (C) or indirectly coupleable to the sun gear ( 4 ) of the first planetary gear set ( 2 ) via the second planetary gear set ( 3 ), wherein, for the purely electric starting operation, the method comprises:

initially coupling the second electric machine ( 14 ) to the sun gear ( 4 ) of the first planetary gear set ( 2 ) via the third form-fit shift element (C); and

thereafter applying, during or after the presence of a demand for a starting torque, a torque at the ring gear ( 5 ) of the first planetary gear set ( 2 ) via the first electric machine ( 13 ), and operating the second electric machine ( 14 ) in a mode of closed-loop control mode of the rotational speed such that the second electric machine ( 14 ) supports the torque at the sun gear ( 4 ) of the first planetary gear set ( 2 ).

10. The method of claim 9 , further comprising, when the starting speed increases and a first gear ratio is to be engaged for the first electric machine ( 4 ),

initially bringing the rotational speed of the second electric machine ( 14 ) to zero or approximately zero in order to synchronize the first form-fit shift element (A) to be engaged for the first gear ratio;

subsequently engaging the first form-fit shift element (A) to be engaged; and

thereafter reducing a torque applied by the second electric machine ( 14 ) and disengaging the third form-fit shift element (C) in order to decouple the second electric machine ( 14 ) from the sun gear ( 4 ) of the first planetary gear set ( 2 ).

11. The method of claim 10 , further comprising, when the drive system ( 1 ) comprises an internal combustion engine ( 15 ) in addition to the first and second electric machines ( 13 , 14 ), decoupling the internal combustion engine ( 15 ), maintaining the internal combustion engine ( 15 ) decoupled, or both decoupling the internal combustion engine ( 15 ) and maintaining the internal combustion engine ( 15 ) decoupled.

12. The method of claim 10 , wherein, when the drive system ( 1 ) comprises the second planetary gear set ( 3 ) in addition to the first planetary gear set ( 2 ) and at least one further form-fit shift element (E, F) in addition to the first, second, and third form-fit shift elements (A, B, C), the second electric machine ( 14 ) is either fixedly connected to a rotary element of the second planetary gear set ( 3 ) or is coupleable to a rotary element of the second planetary gear set ( 2 ) via the at least one further form-fit shift element (E, F).

13. A drive system ( 1 ) of a motor vehicle, comprising:

a first planetary gear set ( 2 ) including a sun gear ( 4 ), a ring gear ( 5 ), and a carrier ( 6 );

a first electric machine ( 13 ) directly coupled to the ring gear ( 5 ) of the first planetary gear set ( 2 ); and

a second electric machine ( 14 ) either directly coupleable to the sun gear ( 4 ) of the first planetary gear set ( 2 ) via a third form-fit shift element (C) or indirectly coupleable to the sun gear ( 4 ) of the first planetary gear set ( 2 ) via the second planetary gear set ( 3 ),

wherein the sun gear ( 4 ) of the first planetary gear set ( 2 ) is brakeable against a housing via a first form-fit shift element (A), and

wherein the sun gear ( 4 ) of the first planetary gear set ( 2 ) is coupleable to the carrier ( 6 ) of the first planetary gear set ( 2 ) via a second form-fit shift element (B) while providing a direct drive at the first planetary gear set ( 2 ).

14. The drive system ( 1 ) of claim 13 , wherein, when the drive system ( 1 ) comprises the second planetary gear set ( 3 ) in addition to the first planetary gear set ( 2 ) and at least one further form-fit shift element (E, F) in addition to the first, second, and third form-fit shift elements (A, B, C), the second electric machine ( 14 ) is either fixedly connected to a rotary element of the second planetary gear set ( 3 ) or is coupleable to a rotary element of the second planetary gear set ( 2 ) via the at least one further form-fit shift element (E, F).

15. A drive system ( 1 ) of a motor vehicle, comprising:

a first planetary gear set ( 2 ) including a sun gear ( 4 ), a ring gear ( 5 ), and a carrier ( 6 );

a first electric machine ( 13 ) fixedly coupled to the ring gear ( 5 ) of the first planetary gear set ( 2 ) without a shift element between the first electric machine ( 13 ) and the ring gear ( 5 ), either directly or indirectly via a second planetary gear set ( 3 ); and

a second electric machine ( 14 ) directly coupleable to the sun gear ( 4 ) of the first planetary gear set ( 2 ) via a third form-fit shift element (C),

wherein the sun gear ( 4 ) of the first planetary gear set ( 2 ) is brakeable against a housing via a first form-fit shift element (A), and

wherein the sun gear ( 4 ) of the first planetary gear set ( 2 ) is coupleable to the carrier ( 6 ) of the first planetary gear set ( 2 ) via a second form-fit shift element (B) while providing a direct drive at the first planetary gear set ( 2 ).

16. The drive system ( 1 ) of claim 15 , wherein the sun gear ( 4 ) of the first planetary gear set ( 2 ) is coupleable to the carrier ( 6 ) of the first planetary gear set ( 2 ) via only the second form-fit shift element (B).