Development of masked therapeutic antibodies to limit off-target effects: application to anti-EGFR antibodies
In one embodiment, a masked monoclonal antibody (mAb) is provided, the mAb, encoded by a nucleic acid sequence or an amino acid sequence molecule comprising a signal sequence, a masking epitope sequence, a linker sequence that is cleavable by a protease specific to a target tissue; and an antibody or a functional fragment thereof. In another embodiment, a cross-masked mAb heterodimer complex is provided, comprising a first masked mAb, comprising a first signal sequence, a first masking epitope sequence, a first linker that is cleavable by a protease specific to a target tissue, and a first antibody or fragment thereof; and a second masked mAb, comprising a second signal sequence, a second masking epitope sequence, a second linker that is cleavable by a protease specific to a target tissue, and a second antibody or fragment thereof.
1. A cross-masked monoclonal antibody (mAb) complex comprising:
(1) a first masked anti-EGFR mAb comprising:
(a) a first masking epitope that binds to an antigenic recognition site of an anti-EGFR antibody, wherein said first masking epitope comprises amino acid residues 23-198 of SEQ ID NO:5;
(b) a first linker that is cleavable by a protease specific to a target tissue, wherein said linker comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4; and
(c) a first anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprising a first antigen recognition site,
and
(2) a second masked anti-EGFR mAb comprising:
(a) a second masking epitope that binds to an antigenic recognition site of an anti-EGFR antibody, wherein said second masking epitope comprises amino acid residues 23-198 of SEQ ID NO:6;
(b) a second linker that is cleavable by said protease specific to said target tissue, wherein said linker comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4; and
(c) a second anti-EGFR-antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprising a second antigen recognition site;
wherein
said first masked mAb and said second masked mAb form a non-covalent dimer by occlusion of said first antigen recognition site by said second masking epitope and by occlusion of said second antigen recognition site by said first masking epitope; and
wherein
said first anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof specifically binds to said second masking epitope but not said first masking epitope and said second anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof specifically binds to said first masking epitope but not said second masking epitope.
2. The complex of claim 1 , wherein said first masking epitope or said second masking epitope comprises an amino acid sequence corresponding to amino acid residue 310-512 of soluble EGFR.
3. The complex of claim 1 , wherein said first masking epitope or said second masking epitope is domain III of soluble EGFR.
4. The complex of claim 1 , wherein said first linker and said second linker comprise the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:3.
5. The complex of claim 1 , wherein said first anti-EGFR antibody is cetuximab or an antigen-binding fragment thereof.
6. The complex of claim 1 , wherein said second anti-EGFR antibody is matuzumab or an antigen-binding fragment thereof.
7. The complex of claim 1 , wherein said first masked mAb comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO:5.
8. The complex of claim 1 , wherein said second masked mAb comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO:6.
9. The complex of claim 1 , wherein said first masking epitope has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:5 and said second masking epitope has the amino acid of SEQ ID NO:6.