Method for producing aluminum-scandium alloy and reactor for implementing the method
Disclosed herein are methods for producing an aluminum-scandium alloy comprising 0.41-4 wt % of scandium which can be used in industrial production setting. The method is carried out by melting aluminum and a mixture of salts comprising sodium, potassium and aluminum fluorides followed by performing simultaneously, while continuously supplying scandium oxide, an aluminothermic reduction of scandium from its oxide and an electrolytic decomposition of the formed alumina. Periodically, at least a portion of the produced alloy is removed, aluminum is then charged, and the process of alloy production is continued while supplying scandium oxide. Also disclosed is a reactor for producing an aluminum-scandium alloy pursuant to the methods described herein.
1. A method for producing an aluminum-scandium ahoy having a scandium content of 0.41-4 wt. %, consisting of the following steps:
(a) melting aluminum and a mixture of salts containing sodium, potassium and aluminum fluorides to form a mixture of molten aluminum and molten salt, wherein the molten salt contains sodium fluoride in an amount ranging from 1 up to and including 15 wt. %;
(b) carrying out, while continuously supplying scandium oxide to the mixture of molten aluminum and molten salt, an aluminothermic reduction of scandium from its oxide and an electrolytic decomposition of alumina formed from this step (b) to form an aluminum-scandium alloy having a scandium content of 0.41-4 wt. %, wherein the concentration of scandium oxide in the molten salt is maintained in an amount ranging from 1 to 8 wt. %;
(c) recovering at least a portion of aluminum-scandium alloy formed from steps (a)-(b);
(d) adding aluminum to the mixture of molten aluminum and molten salt, without adding salts containing sodium, potassium and aluminum fluorides, and repeating steps (b)-(c) at least four times.
2. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that the method is carried out at a temperature of 800-950° C.
3. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that the cryolite ratio of the mixture of salts containing potassium, sodium and aluminum fluorides, is maintained within the range of 1.3 to 17.
4. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that electrolytic decomposition of alumina is carried out at an anode current density of 0.3-2 A/cm 2 .
5. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that the electrolytic decomposition of the alumina is carried out at a cathodic current density of 0.4-1.8 A/cm 2 .
6. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that its duration is from 30 minutes to 5 hours from the start of melting the aluminum and the mixture of salts to recovery of at least a part of the obtained aluminum-scandium alloy.
7. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that the scandium content in the obtained aluminum-scandium alloy is 0.5 to 15% by weight.
8. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that the scandium content in the obtained aluminum-scandium alloy is from 1 to 3% by weight.
9. The method according to daim 1 , characterized in that the scandium content of the obtained aluminum-scandium alloy is from 1.5% to 2.5% by weight.
10. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that the concentration of scandium oxide in the molten salt is maintained at 2 to 7 wt. %.
11. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that the concentration of scandium oxide in the molten salt is maintained at 3 to 6 wt. %.
12. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that the concentration of scandium oxide in the molten salt is maintained at 4 to 5 wt. %.
13. A method for producing an aluminum-scandium ahoy having a scandium content of 0.41-4 wt. %, comprising the following steps:
(a) melting aluminum and a mixture of salts containing sodium, potassium and aluminum fluorides to form a mixture of molten aluminum and molten salt, wherein the molten salt contains sodium fluoride in an amount ranging from 1 up to and including 15 wt. %;
(b) carrying out, while continuously supplying scandium oxide to the mixture of molten aluminum and molten salt, an aluminothermic reduction of scandium from its oxide and an electrolytic decomposition of alumina formed from this step (b) to form an aluminum-scandium alloy having a scandium content of 0.41-4 wt. %, wherein the concentration of scandium oxide in the molten salt is maintained in an amount ranging from 1 to 8 wt. %;
(c) recovering at least a portion of aluminum-scandium alloy formed from steps (a)-(b);
(d) adding aluminum to the mixture of molten aluminum and molten salt, without adding salts containing sodium, potassium, and aluminum flourides, and repeating steps (b)-(c) at least four times.
14. The method according to claim 13 , characterized in that the method is carried out at a temperature of 800-950° C.
15. The method according to claim 13 , characterized in that the cryolite ratio of the mixture of salts containing potassium, sodium and aluminum fluorides is maintained within the range of 1.3 to 1.7.
16. The method according to claim 13 , characterized in that the electrolytic decomposition of the alumina is carried out at a cathodic current density of 0.4-1.8 A/cm 2 .
17. The method according to claim 13 , characterized in that its duration is from 30 minutes to 5 hours from the start of melting the aluminum and the mixture of salts to recovery of at least a part of the obtained aluminum-scandium alloy.
18. The method according to claim 13 , characterized in that the scandium content of the obtained aluminum-scandium alloy is from 1.5% to 2.5% by weight.
19. The method according to claim 13 , characterized in that the concentration of scandium oxide in the molten salt is maintained at 2 to 7 wt. %.
20. The method according to claim 13 , characterized in that the concentration of scandium oxide in the molten salt is maintained at 4 to 5 wt %.