Methods of making pyranopyrans such as pyranopyran nitrile and methods of using pyranopyrans such as pyranopyran nitrile

1. A composition comprising a compound having the following formula:

where R is C1-4 alkyl, aryl, —CN, —CH 2 OH, —COOH, —CONH 2 , —N 3 , —NHC(O)R′, —CHOC(O)R′CH 3 , —CH 2 OC(O)R′,

where R′ is C1-4 alkyl or aryl and R″ is H, C1-4 or aryl; and optionally a carrier.

2. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein said compound has the following formula:

3. A method for killing microorganisms or weeds on or in an object or area, said method comprising contacting said object or area with an effective microorganisms or weeds killing amount of the composition according to claim 1 and optionally a carrier.

4. A method of making (4aR,6S,8aR)-6-(R)-1-hydroxyethyl)-6,8a-dihydropyrano[3,2-b]pyran-2-(4aH)-one (2), said method comprising

(a) reacting 1,2:3,4-diisopropylidene-α-D-galactopyranose (12) in a halocarbon solvent with 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy in the presence of bis(acetoxy)iodo-benzene to produce 1,2;3,4-di-O-isopropylidene-α-D-galacto-1,6-dialdo-hexopyranose (13),

(b) reacting 1,2;3,4-di-O-isopropylidene-α-D-galacto-1,6-dialdo-hexopyranose (13) with methyl(triisopropoxy)titanium in a halocarbon solvent to produce 7-deoxy-1,2;3,4-di-O-isopropylidene-D-glycero-α-D-galacto-heptopyranose (14),

(c) reacting 7-deoxy-1,2;3,4-di-O-isopropylidene-D-glycero-α-D-galacto-heptopyranose (14) with acetic acid/water and then acetic anhydride to produce 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-acetyl-7-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-heptopyranoside (15),

(d) reacting 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-acetyl-7-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-heptopyranoside (15) with HBr solution to produce 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-7-deoxy-D-glycero-α-D-galacto-heptopyranoside bromide (16),

(e) reacting 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-7-deoxy-D-glycero-α-D-galacto-heptopyranoside bromide (16) with tetra-n-butylammonium bromide, [1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene], and a polar aprotic solvent to produce 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-7-deoxy-1,5-anhydro-D-gluco-hept-1-enitol (17),

(f) reacting 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-7-deoxy-1,5-anhydro-D-gluco-hept-1-enitol (17) in a halocarbon solvent with bis(trimethylsilyl)acetylene and a Lewis acid catalyst to produce (R)-1-((2S,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-6-((trimethylsilyl)ethynyl)-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)ethyl acetate (18),

(g) reacting (R)-1-((2S,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-6-((trimethylsilyl)ethynyl)-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)ethyl acetate (18) in an ether solvent with tetrabutylammonium fluoride to produce (R)-1-((2S,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-6-ethynyl)-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)ethyl acetate (19),

(h) reacting (R)-1-((2S,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-6-ethynyl)-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)ethyl acetate (19) in a solvent with a hydrogenation catalyst, hydrogen, and quinoline to produce (R)-1-((2S,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-6-vinyl-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)ethyl acetate (20),

(i) reacting (R)-1-((2S,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-6-vinyl-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)ethyl acetate (20) in a halocarbon solvent with acryloyl chloride and triethylamine to produce (2S,3R,6S)-6-((R)-1-acetoxyethyl)2-vinyl-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)ethyl acrylate (21),

(j) reacting (2S,3R,6S)-6-((R)-1-acetoxyethyl)2-vinyl-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)ethyl acrylate (21) in a hydrocarbon solvent with an alkene metathesis catalyst and anhydrous toluene to produce (4aR,6S,8aR)-6-(R)-1-acetoxyethyl)-6,8a-dihydropyrano[3,2-b]pyran-2-(4aH)-one (3), and

(k) reacting (4aR,6S,8aR)-6-((R)-1-acetoxyethyl)-6,8a-dihydropyrano[3,2-b]pyran-2-(4aH)-one (3) in an ether solvent with water and lipase to produce (4aR,6S,8aR)-6-((R)-1-hydroxyethyl)-6,8a-dihydropyrano[3,2-b]pyran-2-(4aH)-one (2).

5. A method of making (4aR,6S,8aR)-6-cyano-6,8a-dihydropyrano-[3,2-b]pyran-2(4aH)-one (4), said method comprising

(a) reacting 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-D-galactal (5) with trimethylsilyl cyanide, Lewis acid, and trimethylsilyl cyanide to produce 4,6-di-O-acetyl-2,3-dideoxy-α-D-threo-hexopyranosyl cyanide (6),

(b) reacting 4,6-di-O-acetyl-2,3-dideoxy-α-D-threo-hexopyranosyl cyanide (6) in an alcohol solvent with p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate to produce 2,3-dideoxy-α-D-threo-hex-2-enopyranosyl cyanide (7),

(c) reacting 2,3-dideoxy-α-D-threo-hex-2-enopyranosyl cyanide (7) in a solvent with imidazole and tert-butyldimethylsilyl chloride to produce 4,6-di-O-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-2,3-dideoxy-α-D-threo-hex-2-enopyranosyl cyanide (8),

(d) reacting 4,6-di-O-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-2,3-dideoxy-α-D-threo-hex-2-enopyranosyl cyanide (8) with pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate in an anhydrous alcohol solvent to produce 4-O-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-2,3-dideoxy-α-D-threo-hex-2-enopyranosyl cyanide (9),

(e) reacting 4-O-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-2,3-dideoxy-α-D-threo-hex-2-enopyranosyl cyanide (9) with halocarbon solvent, anhydrous dimethyl sulfoxide, and diisopropylethylamine to produce (2S,5R,6S)-5-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-6-formyl-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-carbonitrile (10),

(f) reacting (2S,5R,6S)-5-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-6-formyl-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-carbonitrile (10) in an alcohol solvent with (carbethoxymethylene)-triphenylphosphorane to produce ethyl (Z)-3-((2R,3R,6S)-3-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-6-cyano-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)acrylate (11), and

(g) reacting ethyl (Z)-3-((2R,3R,6S)-3-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-6-cyano-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)acrylate (11) in an alcohol solvent with p-toluenesulfonate to produce (4aR,6S,8aR)-6-cyano-6,8a-dihydropyrano-[3,2-b]pyran-2(4aH)-one (4).

6. A composition comprising at least one compound selected from the group consisting of (4aR,6S,8aR)-6-cyano-6,8a-dihydropyrano-[3,2-b]pyran-2(4aH)-one (4); 4,6-di-O-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-2,3-dideoxy-α-D-threo-hex-2-enopyranosyl cyanide (8); (9); (2S,5R,6S)-5-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-6-formyl-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-carbonitrile (10); ethyl (Z)-3-((2R,3R,6S)-3-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-6-cyano-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)acrylate (11); (4aR,6S,8aR)-6-((R)-1-acetoxyethyl)-6,8a-dihydropyrano [3,2-b]pyran-2-(4aH)-one (3); 2,3,4,6-tetra-0-acetyl-7-deoxy-1,5-anhydro-D-gluco-hept-1-enitol (17); (R)-1-((2S,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-6-((trimethylsilyl)ethynyl)-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)ethyl acetate (18); (R)-1-((2S,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-6-ethynyl)-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)ethyl acetate (19); (R)-1-((2S,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-6-vinyl-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)ethyl acetate (20); (2S,3R,6S)-6-((R)-1-acetoxyethyl)2-vinyl-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)ethyl acrylate (21); and mixtures thereof; and optionally a carrier.