Microfluidic devices for the rapid and automated processing of sample populations
Microfluidic devices for the rapid and automated processing of sample populations are provided. Described are multiplexer microfluidic devices configured to serially deliver a plurality of distinct sample populations to a sample processing element rapidly and automatically, without cross-contaminating the distinct sample populations. Also provided are microfluidic sample processing elements that can be used to rapidly and automatically manipulate and/or interrogate members of a sample population. The microfluidic devices can be used to improve the throughput and quality of experiments involving model organisms, such as C. elegans.
1. A multiplexer microfluidic device comprising:
(a) a main channel having a downstream end;
(b) a plurality of sample reservoirs;
(c) a plurality of inlet channels; and
(d) a plurality of valves positioned along the inlet channels to regulate fluid flow through the inlet channels;
wherein each inlet channel fluidly connects with the main channel to form an intersection;
wherein each inlet channel fluidly connects a single sample reservoir to the main channel;
wherein at least a first valve and a second valve are positioned along each fluid inlet channel to regulate fluid flow through the inlet channel, wherein the first valve and the second valve are independently operable, and wherein the first valve is positioned in proximity to the intersection of the inlet channel and the main channel; and
wherein the plurality of valves in the device are configured such that operation of one or more of the plurality of valves selectively directs fluid flow through a predetermined inlet channel in the device; and
wherein the downstream end of the main channel is structured to fluidly connect the main channel of the multiplexer multifluidic device to a sample processing element.
2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the intersections of the inlet channels and the main channel are staggered.
3. The device of claim 1 , further comprising signal processing circuitry or a processor configured to actuate one or more valves in a predetermined fashion to direct fluid flow through the microfluidic device.
4. The device of claim 1 , further comprising a sample processing element fluidly connected to the downstream end of the main channel.
5. The device of claim 4 , wherein the sample processing element comprises a device for optically interrogating a sample, a device for optically manipulating a sample, a device for physically manipulating a sample, or any combination thereof.
6. The device of claim 5 , wherein the sample processing element comprises a microfluidic laser axotomy platform, a flow sorter machine, a white-light microscope, a fluorescence microscope, a confocal microscope, a two-photon microscope, a second harmonic generation microscope, a third harmonic generation microscope, an interference microscope, a microinjector, a device configured to perform laser surgery, a device configured to function as optical tweezers, a device configured to perform a photoconversion, a device configured to perform photo-bleaching, a device configured to conduct photo-polymerization, a device configured to perform optogenetics experiments, a device configured to perform an optoinjection, a device configured to phenotypically characterize organisms or cells, one or more electrodes configured to perform electrophysiological recording experiments, a magnetic device configured to interact with the sample, a spectrometers, mass spectrometers, gas chromatographs, or any combination thereof.
7. The device of claim 4 , wherein the sample processing element comprises a sample processing element configured to individually process multicellular organisms which comprises:
(a) a loading chamber fluidly connected to the main channel downstream from the inlet channels;
(b) a staging chamber fluidly connected to the loading chamber to form an intersection;
(c) a trapping chamber fluidly connected to the staging chamber to form an intersection;
(d) a first valve positioned in proximity to the intersection of the loading chamber and the staging chamber to regulate fluid flow between the loading chamber and the staging chamber; and
(e) a second valve positioned in proximity to the intersection of the staging chamber and the trapping chamber to regulate fluid flow between the staging chamber and the trapping chamber;
wherein the height, width, and length of the staging chamber are selected in accordance with the dimensions of the multicellular organisms so as to permit only one of the multicellular organisms to be present within the staging chamber at a time, and
wherein the first and second valves are configured such that sequential operation of the first valve and the second valve selectively directs a single organism first from the loading chamber into the staging chamber, and subsequently from the staging chamber into the trapping chamber.
8. The device of claim 7 , further comprising one or more sieve structures fluidly connected to the loading chamber,
wherein the sieve structures are fluidly connected to the loading chamber by fluid flow paths, each having a height, width, and length selected in accordance with the dimensions of the multicellular organisms, such that the multicellular organisms cannot pass through the fluid flow paths.
9. The device of claim 7 , further comprising one or more sieve structures fluidly connected to the staging chamber, p 1 wherein the sieve structures are fluidly connected to the staging chamber by fluid flow paths, each having a height, width, and length selected in accordance with the dimensions of the multicellular organisms, such that the multicellular organisms cannot pass through the fluid flow paths.
10. The device of claim 7 , wherein the trapping chamber further comprises a plurality of protrusions extending from one side wall of the trapping chamber,
wherein the protrusions are configured to physically restrict the multicellular organism within the trapping chamber.
11. The device of claim 10 , wherein the protrusions extend from a side wall of the trapping chamber which further comprises a sieve structure,
wherein the sieve structure is fluidly connected to the trapping chamber by fluid flow paths within the side wall, each having a height, width, and length selected in accordance with the dimensions of the multicellular organisms, such that the multicellular organisms cannot pass through the fluid flow paths, and
wherein the fluid flow paths are configured to fluidly restrict the multicellular organism within the trapping chamber.
12. The device of claim 7 , wherein the trapping chamber further comprises a valve configured to mechanically restrict a multicellular organism within the trapping chamber.
13. The device of claim 7 , further comprising an exit area fluidly connected to the trapping chamber.
14. The device of claim 13 , wherein the exit area comprises a first microfluidic channel and a second microfluidic channel and a first valve and a second valve,
wherein the first valve is configured to control fluid flow through the first microfluidic channel, and
wherein the second valve is configured to control fluid flow through the second microfluidic channel.
15. The device of claim 14 wherein the first valve and the second valve are configured to completely block fluid flow through the first microfluidic channel and the second microfluidic channel when the first valve and the second valve are in the closed position.
16. The device of claim 14 , wherein the first valve and the second valve are 3-dimensional valves.
17. The device of claim 7 , further comprising a device for optical interrogation configured to optically interrogate a multicellular organism within the trapping chamber.
18. The device of claim 1 , further comprising a gasket system configured to pressurize one or more of the plurality of sample reservoirs.