Composite components
A fibre-reinforced polymer component is provided which comprises a main portion comprising fibre-reinforced polymer and at least one surface and at least one raised feature extending from said surface. The at least one raised feature consists of non-reinforced polymer and is shaped to incur visually perceptible damage when the component is subject to an impact with an energy above a predetermined impact energy threshold and to resist an impact with an energy below the predetermined impact energy threshold. The at least one raised feature thus provides a clear visual aid as to when a component has experienced an impact with an energy above the impact energy threshold. Because the raised feature consists of polymer without fibre reinforcement, it is more fragile than the fibre-reinforced polymer main portion 204 and thus reduces the energy at which impacts may be detected.
1. A fibre-reinforced polymer pipe comprising:
a main portion comprising fibre-reinforced polymer and a cylindrical surface extending along and around a central axis of the fibre-reinforced polymer pipe; and
at least one raised feature extending from said cylindrical surface, the at least one raised feature extending across the cylindrical surface;
wherein the at least one raised feature consists of non-reinforced polymer and is shaped to incur visually perceptible damage when the fibre-reinforced polymer pipe is subject to an impact with an energy above a predetermined impact energy threshold and to resist an impact with an energy below the predetermined impact energy threshold.
2. A fibre-reinforced polymer pipe as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the predetermined impact energy threshold is selected based on the fibre-reinforced polymer of the main portion.
3. A fibre-reinforced polymer pipe as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the predetermined impact energy threshold may be selected to be at or below an impact energy at which the main portion would incur damage that would prevent the fibre-reinforced polymer pipe from retaining ultimate load capability.
4. A fibre-reinforced polymer pipe as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the at least one raised feature comprises a cross-sectional profile that is selected to ensure the at least one raised feature resists impacts with an energy below the impact energy threshold whilst reliably incurring visually perceptible damage when subject to an impact with an energy above the impact energy threshold.
5. A fibre-reinforced polymer pipe as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the at least one raised feature comprises a triangular cross-sectional profile.
6. A fibre-reinforced polymer pipe as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the at least one raised feature comprises a curved cross-sectional profile.
7. A fibre-reinforced polymer pipe as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the at least one raised feature comprises a plurality of raised features.
8. A fibre-reinforced polymer pipe as claimed in claim 7 , wherein the plurality of raised features comprises at least two different raised features.
9. A fibre-reinforced polymer pipe as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the non-reinforced polymer of the at least one raised feature includes one or more non-fibre material additives.
10. The fibre-reinforced polymer pipe as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the fibre-reinforced polymer pipe is a fluid transfer conduit.
11. A fibre-reinforced polymer pipe as claimed in claim 7 , wherein the plurality of raised features are arranged across the cylindrical surface of the main portion and are spaced apart by a spacing distance.
12. A fibre-reinforced polymer pipe as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the at least one raised feature extends along the central axis.
13. A fibre-reinforced polymer pipe as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the at least one raised feature extends around the central axis.
14. A fibre-reinforced polymer pipe as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the at least one raised feature extends in a helix around the central axis.