Thermoresponsive hydrogel
This invention relates to thermoresponsive hydrogels. Particularly, the invention relates to a thermoresponsive hydrogel comprising copolymer polyethylene glycol (PEG)-polycaprolactone (PCL)-polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polypropylene fumerate (PPF). The thermoresponsive hydrogel may further comprise a poloxamer, particularly Pluronic F-127. The invention extends to a method of manufacturing thermoresponsive hydrogels, also extends to an ink for a three dimensional (3D) printer including the thermoresponsive hydrogels. The invention further extends to a thermoresponsive hydrogel for use in the treatment of a bone injury and/or a bone defect, and/or to a method of treating a bone injury and/or a bone defect. The thermoresponsive hydrogels may include dispersed therein an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), preferably an API falling in the Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) class II, further preferably a statin type drug, most preferably simvastatin.
1. A thermoresponsive hydrogel comprising a polyethylene glycol-polycaprolactone-polyethylene glycol (PEG-PCL-PEG) copolymer, polypropylene fumarate (PPF), and a poloxamer (POL), wherein the PEG-PCL-PEG:PPF:POL thermoresponsive hydrogel is reversibly thermoresponsive across a temperature range transitioning from a sol state, at about 20° C. or below about 20° C., to a gel state, at about 36.5° C. or above 36.5° C.
2. The thermoresponsive hydrogel according to claim 1 , wherein the poloxamer is poloxamer 407, therein providing a PEG-PCL-PEG:PPF:poloxamer 407 thermoresponsive hydrogel.
3. The thermoresponsive hydrogel according to claim 2 , further comprising an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) dispersed therein.
4. The thermoresponsive hydrogel according to claim 3 , wherein the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) is an API falling in the Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) class II.
5. The thermoresponsive hydrogel according to claim 4 , wherein the API of BCS class II comprises statins.
6. A method of manufacturing the thermoresponsive hydrogel according to claim 1 , the method comprising the following steps:
(i). mixing ε-caprolactone (CL) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) together under inert conditions in the presence of a catalyst to form, via free radical polymerization, a first reaction mixture including a polyethylene glycol-polycaprolactone-polyethylene glycol (PEG-PCL-PEG) copolymer;
(ii). adding polypropylene fumarate (PPF) to the first reaction mixture forming a second reaction mixture; and
(iii). mixing a poloxamer (POL) into the second reaction mixture to form a third reaction mixture including the thermoresponsive hydrogel according to claim 1 .
7. The method according to claim 6 , wherein the poloxamer is poloxamer 407.
8. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the catalyst is stannous octoate (Sn(Oct) 2 ).
9. The method according to claim 8 , wherein mixing of step (i) takes place at about 125° C. for between about 4 and 8 hours, and wherein step (ii) takes place at about 140° C. for between 4 and 8 hours.
10. The thermoresponsive hydrogel according to claim 1 for use in the treatment of bone injury and/or bone defects.
11. The thermoresponsive hydrogel for use according to claim 10 , wherein the thermoresponsive hydrogel is for administration by injection in the sol state at a site of bone injury and/or bone defect in a human or animal body, and wherein said injected thermoresponsive hydrogel transitions to a gel state at said site.
12. An ink for a three dimensional printing device, the ink comprising the thermoresponsive hydrogel according to claim 1 .