Base station antennas that utilize amplitude-weighted and phase-weighted linear superposition to support high effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) with high boresight coverage
A base station antenna (BSA) system includes a radio-frequency (RF) generator having a plurality of power-amplifying circuits therein, and an antenna, which includes a plurality of columns of radiating elements. These radiating elements are electrically coupled by RF signal routing to a corresponding plurality of ports of the antenna that receive a corresponding plurality of RF input signals. These RF input signals have respective amplitudes and phases that support the concurrent generation of three spaced-apart RF beams by the antenna and are derived from respective RF signals generated by the plurality of power-amplifying circuits. The RF input signals including: (i) a first RF input signal defined by at least two linearly superposed RF signals of equivalent frequency having unequal combinations of amplitude and phase weighting, and (ii) a second RF input signal defined by at least two linearly superposed RF signals of equivalent frequency having unequal combinations of amplitude and phase weighting.
1. A base station antenna, comprising:
a plurality of columns of radiating elements electrically coupled by RF signal routing to a corresponding plurality of ports of the antenna that are configured to receive a corresponding plurality of RF input signals having respective amplitudes and phases that support the concurrent generation of first, second and third spaced-apart beams by the antenna, the plurality of ports including:
a first port configured to receive a first of the plurality of RF input signals, which comprises first and second signals of equivalent frequency having unequal amplitude and/or phase weighting that contribute to the first and second beams, respectively;
a second port configured to receive a second of the plurality of RF input signals, which comprises third and fourth signals of equivalent frequency having unequal amplitude and/or phase weighting that contribute to the first and third beams, respectively; and
a third port configured to receive a third of the plurality of RF input signals, which comprises a fifth signal that contributes to the first beam;
wherein the first and third signals are amplitude-tapered relative to the fifth signal;
wherein a total power of the first of the plurality of RF input signals is within 4% of a total power of the third of the plurality of RF input signals; and
wherein a total power of the second of the plurality of RF input signals is within 4% of the total power of the third of the plurality of RF input signals.
2. The antenna of claim 1 , wherein the first, second and third ports correspond to respective first, second and third columns of radiating elements within the antenna; and where the third column extends between the first and second columns.
3. The antenna of claim 2 , wherein the third of the plurality of RF input signals consists of the fifth signal.
4. The antenna of claim 1 , further comprising a fourth port configured to receive a fourth of the plurality of RF input signals, which comprises a sixth signal that contributes to the first beam.
5. The antenna of claim 4 , wherein the fourth of the plurality of RF input signals consists of the sixth signal.
6. The antenna of claim 5 , wherein the antenna includes eight (8) columns of radiating elements arranged side-by-side as columns one through eight; and
wherein the first, second, third and fourth ports correspond to the third, sixth, fourth and fifth columns of radiating elements, respectively.
7. The antenna of claim 6 , wherein the first and third signals are amplitude-tapered relative to the sixth signal.
8. The antenna of claim 1 , wherein the first and second signals are linearly superposed and 180° out-of-phase relative to each other; and wherein the third and fourth signals are linearly superposed and 180° out-of-phase relative to each other.
9. A base station antenna, comprising:
first through nth side-by-side columns of radiating elements electrically coupled by RF signal routing to respective first through nth ports of the antenna, which are configured to receive respective first through nth RF input signals having respective amplitudes and phases that support the concurrent generation of first, second and third spaced-apart beams by the antenna, the first through nth ports including:
a mth port configured to receive an mth RF input signal that contributes to the first, second and third beams, said mth RF input signal comprising first, second and third signals of equivalent frequency having respective first, second and third unequal amplitudes; and
a (m+1)th port configured to receive an (m+1)th RF input signal that contributes to the first, second and third beams, said (m+1)th RF input signal comprising fourth, fifth and sixth signals of equivalent frequency having respective fourth, fifth and sixth unequal amplitudes;
wherein the third and sixth signals contribute to the first beam and have unequal amplitudes;
wherein the second and fifth signals contribute to the second beam and have unequal amplitudes;
wherein the first and fourth signals contribute to the third beam and have equal amplitudes; and
wherein the third beam extends between the first and second beams within the azimuth plane of the antenna.
10. The antenna of claim 9 , wherein n is a positive integer equal to eight (8), and m is a positive integer equal to four (4).
11. The antenna of claim 9 , wherein the third and fifth signals have equivalent amplitudes; and wherein the second and sixth signals have equivalent amplitudes.
12. The antenna of claim 9 , wherein the first through nth ports includes an (m−1)th port, which is configured to receive an (m−1)th RF input signal that contributes to the first and third beams, but not the second beam.
13. The antenna of claim 9 , wherein the first through nth ports includes an (m−1)th port, which is configured to receive an (m−1)th RF input signal that contributes to the first and third beams; and wherein a total power of the (m−1)th RF input signal is within 4% of a total power of the mth RF input signal.
14. A base station antenna, comprising:
first through nth side-by-side columns of radiating elements electrically coupled by RF signal routing to respective first through nth ports of the antenna, which are configured to receive respective first through nth RF input signals having respective amplitudes and phases that support the concurrent generation of first, second and third spaced-apart beams by the antenna, the first through nth ports including:
a second port configured to receive a second RF input signal that contributes to the first beam;
a third port configured to receive a third RF input signal that contributes to the first and third beams;
a fourth port configured to receive a fourth RF input signal that contributes to the third beam;
a fifth port configured to receive a fifth RF input signal that contributes to the third beam;
a sixth port configured to receive a sixth RF input signal that contributes to the second and third beams; and
a seventh port configured to receive a seventh RF input signal that contributes to the second beam.
15. The antenna of claim 14 , wherein the second RF input signal contributes to the first beam, but not the second or third beams; wherein the third RF input signal contributes to the first and third beams, but not the second beam; wherein the sixth RF input signal contributes to the second and third beams, but not the first beam; and wherein the seventh RF input signal contributes to the second beam, but not the first or third beams.
16. The antenna of claim 15 , wherein a total power of the third RF input signal is within 2% of the total power of the second RF input signal; and wherein a total power of the sixth RF input signal is within 2% of the total power of the seventh RF input signal.
17. The antenna of claim 14 , wherein the first port is configured to receive a first RF input signal that is 90° out-of-phase relative to the second RF input signal; and wherein the nth port is configured to receive an nth RF input signal that is 90° out-of-phase relative to the seventh RF input signal.
18. The antenna of claim 17 wherein a portion of the third RF input signal that contributes to the first beam is 180° out-of-phase relative to the first RF input signal; and wherein a portion of the sixth RF input signal that contributes to the second beam is 180° out-of-phase relative to the nth RF input signal, where n equals eight (8).
19. The antenna of claim 18 , wherein a portion of the third RF input signal that contributes to the third beam is in phase with the fourth RF input signal; and wherein a portion of the sixth RF input signal that contributes to the third beam is in phase with the fifth RF input signal.
20. The antenna of claim 17 , wherein a portion of the third RF input signal that contributes to the third beam is in phase with the fourth RF input signal; and wherein a portion of the sixth RF input signal that contributes to the third beam is in phase with the fifth RF input signal.