Nanobionic engineering of organelles and photosynthetic organisms
In one aspect, a composition can include an organelle, and a nanoparticle having a zeta potential of less than −10 mV or greater than 10 mV contained within the organelle. In a preferred embodiment, the organelle can be a chloroplast and the nanoparticle can be a single-walled carbon nanotube associated with a strongly anionic or strongly cationic polymer.
1. An engineered chloroplast comprising:
a coated nanoparticle having a zeta potential of less than 10 mV or greater than 10 mV and
a lipid layer that surrounds coated nanoparticle in the chloroplast interior, the coated nanoparticle having the ability to passively transport and irreversibly localize within a chloroplast thylakoid membrane within seconds of nanoparticle interaction with the inner and outer lipid bilayer to enhance electron transport rates.
2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the nanoparticle includes a nanotube.
3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the nanoparticle includes a carbon nanotube.
4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the nanoparticle includes a single-walled carbon nanotube.
5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the nanoparticle includes cerium oxide.
6. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the nanoparticle is conjugated with at least one cerium oxide nanoparticle.
7. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the nanoparticle includes a polymer.
8. The composition of claim 7 , wherein the polymer of the nanoparticle is cross-linked with at least one cerium oxide nanoparticle.
9. The composition of claim 7 , wherein the polymer includes a polynucleotide.
10. The composition of claim 9 , wherein the polynucleotide includes poly(AT).
11. The composition of claim 7 , wherein the polymer includes a polysaccharide.
12. The composition of claim 11 , wherein the polysaccharide is selected from the group consisting of dextran, pectin, hyaluronic acid, chitosan, and hydroxyethylcellulose.
13. The composition of claim 11 , wherein the polysaccharide is chitosan.
14. The composition of claim 7 , wherein the polymer includes poly(acrylic acid).
15. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the nanoparticle is photoluminescent.
16. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the nanoparticle emits near-infrared radiation.
17. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the nanoparticle has a zeta potential of less than 20 mV or greater than 20 mV.
18. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the nanoparticle has a zeta potential of less than −30 mV or greater than 30 mV.
19. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the nanoparticle is photoluminescent and the photoluminescence emission of the photoluminescent nanoparticle is altered by a change in a stimulus within the organelle.
20. The composition of claim 19 , wherein the stimulus is the concentration of an analyte.
21. The composition of claim 20 , wherein the analyte is a reactive oxygen species.
22. The composition of claim 20 , wherein the analyte is nitric oxide.
23. The composition of claim 20 , wherein the analyte is carbon dioxide.
24. The composition of claim 20 , wherein the analyte is adenosine triphosphate.
25. The composition of claim 20 , wherein the analyte is nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate.
26. The composition of claim 20 , wherein the analyte is oxygen.
27. The composition of claim 19 , wherein the stimulus is the pH of the organelle.
28. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the nanoparticle is a semiconductor.
29. A green plant including the composition of claim 1 .