Compact hearing aids
The present disclosure relates to compact hearing aids, components thereof, and support systems therefor, as well as methods of insertion and removal thereof. The compact hearing aids generally include a sensor, such as a microphone, an actuation mass, an energy source for providing power to the compact hearing aid, a processor, and an actuator enclosed in a housing that is designed to be inserted through the tympanic membrane during a minimally-invasive outpatient procedure. In operation, the microphone receives sound waves and converts the sound waves into electrical signals. A processor then modifies the electrical signals and provides the electrical signals to the actuator. The actuator converts the electrical signals into mechanical motion, which actuates the actuation mass to modulate the velocity or the position of the tympanic membrane.
1. A tympanic membrane actuation assembly, comprising:
at least one mass configured to be disposed on at least one of a medial side or a lateral side of a tympanic membrane of a user; and
at least one bending mode actuator coupled to the mass and configured to be disposed on at least one of a medial side or a lateral side of the tympanic membrane, the bending mode actuator configured to convert electrical signals into mechanical motion to move the mass and modulate the tympanic membrane.
2. The actuation assembly of claim 1 , wherein the at least one bending mode actuator comprises a piezoelectric active layer.
3. The actuation assembly of claim 2 , wherein the piezoelectric active layer has a perovskite crystal structure.
4. The actuation assembly of claim 3 , wherein the piezoelectric active layer comprises lead zirconate titanate (PZT).
5. The actuation assembly of claim 2 , wherein the at least one bending mode actuator comprises an inactive layer formed of titanium (Ti) or titanium oxide (TiO 2 ).
6. The actuation assembly of claim 1 , wherein the at least one mass comprises a battery directly coupled to the at least one bending mode actuator.
7. The actuation assembly of claim 6 , further comprising:
a sensor configured to detect and convert sound waves into electrical signals; and
a processor in communication with the sensor and the at least one bending mode actuator, the processor configured to modify the electrical signals from the sensor and provide the modified electrical signals to the at least one bending mode actuator.
8. The actuation assembly of claim 7 , wherein the sensor comprises a microphone.
9. A tympanic membrane actuation assembly, comprising:
at least one housing configured to be disposed on at least one of a medial side or a lateral side of the tympanic membrane of a user;
at least one mass disposed within the at least one housing; and
at least one bending mode actuator coupled to the at least one housing, the at least one bending mode actuator configured to convert electrical signals into mechanical motion of the housing to modulate the user's tympanic membrane.
10. The actuation assembly of claim 9 , wherein the at least one bending mode actuator is coupled to a planar membrane of the at least one housing, the planar membrane configured to be disposed against the medial side or lateral side of the user's tympanic membrane.
11. The actuation assembly of claim 10 , wherein the at least one bending mode actuator comprises a piezoelectric active layer.
12. The actuation assembly of claim 11 , wherein the piezoelectric active layer has a perovskite crystal structure.
13. The actuation assembly of claim 12 , wherein the piezoelectric active layer comprises lead zirconate titanate (PZT).
14. The actuation assembly of claim 11 , wherein the piezoelectric active layer is directly coupled to the planar membrane of the at least one housing.
15. The actuation assembly of claim 11 , wherein the at least one bending mode actuator comprises an inactive layer formed of titanium (Ti) or titanium oxide (TiO 2 ), the inactive layer disposed between the piezoelectric active layer and the planar membrane of the at least one housing.
16. The actuation assembly of claim 11 , wherein deformation of the piezoelectric active layer causes modulation of the planar membrane of the at least one housing.
17. A hearing aid, which is insertable through a user's tympanic membrane to amplify certain frequencies and cancel other frequencies, comprising:
a tympanic membrane actuation assembly, comprising:
at least one housing configured to be disposed on at least one of a medial side or a lateral side of the tympanic membrane of a user;
at least one mass disposed within the at least one housing; and
at least one bending mode actuator coupled to a planar membrane of the at least one housing, the at least one bending mode actuator configured to convert electrical signals into mechanical motion of the housing to modulate the user's tympanic membrane.
18. The hearing aid of claim 17 , wherein the at least one bending mode actuator comprises a piezoelectric active layer formed of lead zirconate titanate (PZT).
19. The hearing aid of claim 18 , wherein the at least one bending mode actuator further comprises an inactive layer formed of titanium (Ti) or titanium oxide (TiO 2 ), the inactive layer disposed between the piezoelectric active layer and the planar membrane of the at least one housing.
20. The hearing aid of claim 18 , wherein the piezoelectric active layer is coupled directly to the planar membrane of the at least one housing.