Rechargeable battery with anion conducting polymer
Batteries are described that include a cathode material, and anode material, and a polymeric material that separates the cathode material from the anode material. The polymeric material has hydroxide ion conductivity of at least about 50 mS/cm, and a diffusion ration of hydroxide ions to at least one type of metal ion of at least about 10:1. Also described are methods of making a battery that include forming a layer of polymeric material between a first electrode and second electrode of the battery. In additional methods, the polymeric material is coated on at least one of the electrodes of the battery. In further methods, the polymeric material is admixed with at least one of the electrode materials to make a composite electrode material that is incorporated into the electrode.
1. A battery comprising:
a cathode material;
an anode material;
a liquid electrolyte; and
a polymeric material separating the cathode material from the anode material,
wherein the polymeric material comprises polyvinyl benzyl chloride functionalized with an N-methylpiperidine group or a tetramethyl imidazole group, and wherein the polymeric material has a hydroxide ion conductivity of at least about 50 mS/cm, and a diffusion ratio of hydroxide ions to at least one type of metal ion of at least about 10:1.
2. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the polymeric material has a hydroxide ion conductivity ranging from about 50 mS/cm to about 200 mS/cm.
3. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the diffusion ratio of hydroxide ions to the at least one type of metal ion ranges from about 10:1 to about 10,000:1.
4. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the at least one type of metal ion includes a zinc ion.
5. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the battery has a capacity reduction of less than about 10% after 50 charge/discharge cycles.
6. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the battery has a capacity reduction of less than about 10% after 100 charge/discharge cycles.
7. The battery of claim 1 wherein the cathode material comprises manganese dioxide.
8. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the anode material comprises zinc.
9. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the battery further comprises an electrolyte with a pH of about 14 to about 15.
10. The battery of claim 9 , wherein the electrolyte comprises aqueous potassium hydroxide.
11. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the polymeric material further comprises a crosslinker.
12. The battery of claim 11 , wherein the crosslinker comprises at least one of divinylbenzene, tetramethylguanidine, or 4-tert-butylcatechol.