Methods of treating cellulite and subcutaneous adipose tissue
Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to methods of inducing therapeutic adipose tissue inflammation using high frequency pressure waves (e.g. high frequency shockwaves) wherein the inflammation results in a reduction in the volume of subcutaneous adipose tissue. Embodiments include applying electrohydraulic generated shockwaves at a rate of between 10 Hz and 100 Hz to reduce the appearance of cellulite or the volume of subcutaneous fat in a treatment area.
1. A method of treating a patient to reduce subcutaneous fat in a treatment area, where fat comprises fat cells having intracellular fat and interstitial space between the fat cells, the method comprising:
directing a pressure wave generating probe to a treatment area of the patient; and
emitting a plurality of pressure waves to the treatment area at a pulse rate of between 15 Hz and 1000 Hz,
where the pressure wave generating probe comprises a pressure wave outlet window,
where the pressure wave generating probe is configured to emit the plurality of pressure waves each having an energy density of between 0.5 mJ per mm 2 and 7.0 mJ per mm 2 at the pressure wave outlet window, and
where the plurality of pressure waves are not focused prior to entering into the treatment area of the patient.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising applying the plurality of pressure waves to an adipose tissue in the treatment area at:
a pulse rate of between 25 and 500 HZ; and
an energy density of between 2 and 7.0 mJ per mm 2 per pressure wave.
3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising directing at least a portion of the plurality of pressure waves to the treatment area such that delivery of the at least a portion of the plurality of pressure waves to the treatment area reduces the appearance of cellulite in the treatment area.
4. The method of claim 1 , where the plurality of pressure waves do not induce transient cavitation in an aqueous solution of the pressure wave generating probe.
5. The method of claim 2 , where the plurality of pressure waves emitted by the pressure wave generating probe induce no adipose cell damage when treating the treatment area.
6. The method of claim 2 , where the plurality of pressure waves emitted by the pressure wave generating probe increase a luminosity value of the adipose tissue associated with the treatment area.
7. The method of claim 1 , where the plurality of pressure waves emitted by the pressure wave generating probe cause a volume loss of the treatment area.
8. The method of claim 1 , where:
the plurality of pressure waves include a pressure wave energy of between 2.0 and 7.0 mJ per mm 2 at the pressure wave outlet window; and
the pressure wave outlet window has an area of between 0.5 and 20 mm 2 .
9. A method of inducing inflammation of subcutaneous adipose tissue in a treatment area of a patient, the method comprising:
directing a pressure wave generating probe to an external treatment area of the patient; and
emitting a plurality of pressure waves to the treatment area at a pulse rate of between 15 Hz and 1000 Hz,
where the pressure wave generating probe comprises a pressure wave outlet window, and
where the pressure wave generating probe is configured to emit the plurality of pressure waves having between 0.5 and 7.0 mJ per mm 2 at the pressure wave outlet window.
10. The method of claim 9 , where the plurality of pressure waves do not induce transient cavitation in an aqueous solution of the pressure wave generating probe.
11. The method of claim 9 , where the treatment area is within a depth of 6 cm from a surface of the treatment area, and where the treatment area is a butt, thigh, stomach, waist, upper arm area, or a portion thereof.
12. The method of claim 9 , where the plurality of pressure waves emitted from the pressure wave generating probe comprise substantially planar pressure waves.
13. The method of claim 9 , where the plurality of pressure waves are continuously directed to the treatment area at the pulse rate for a time period between 90 seconds and 30 minutes.
14. The method of claim 13 , further comprising, directing at least a portion of the plurality of pressure waves to the treatment area such that delivery of the at least a portion of the plurality of pressure waves to the treatment area:
increases one or more cytokines in blood serum of the patient;
increases an amount of lipid crystals within an adipose tissue within the treatment area;
induces inflammation in subcutaneous adipose tissue in the treatment area; or
combination thereof.
15. The method of claim 14 , where the one or more cytokines comprises one or more of leptin, IL-6, or TNF-α.
16. The method of claim 9 , where the plurality of pressure waves are emitted at a pulse rate of between 25 and 100 Hz.
17. An apparatus for treating a patient to reduce subcutaneous fat in a treatment area, where fat comprises fat cells having intracellular fat and interstitial space between the fat cells, the apparatus comprising:
a pressure wave generating probe configured to deliver a series of pressure waves to an external area of the patient, the pressure wave generating probe comprising:
a housing defining a chamber and a shockwave outlet, the chamber configured to be filled with a liquid; and
a plurality of electrodes disposed in the chamber to define one or more spark gaps;
where the pressure wave generating probe is configured to emit the series of pressure waves at an energy density of between 2.0 and 7.0 mJ per mm 2 at the shockwave outlet and induce no transient cavitation bubbles in a water-based medium, and
where, when the plurality of electrodes is coupled to a pulse generation system and when the chamber is filled with the liquid:
the plurality of electrodes is configured to receive voltage pulses from the pulse generation system at a rate of between 10 Hz and 5 MHz such that portions of the liquid are vaporized to generate the series of pressure waves that propagate through the liquid and the shockwave outlet.
18. The apparatus of claim 17 , where the series of pressure waves comprise therapeutic shockwaves, and where the pressure wave generating probe is configured to generate a pressure wave having a power between 2.0 mJ per mm 2 to 5 mJ per mm 2 .
19. The apparatus of claim 17 , where the pressure wave generating probe is configured to emit, at the shockwave outlet a shockwave comprising a shockwave front of less than 20 ns in an aqueous solution, and where a pressure wave outlet window associated with the shockwave outlet has an area of 0.5 cm 2 to 20 cm 2 .
20. The apparatus of claim 17 , where the pressure wave generating probe is configured to emit the series of pressure waves at a pulse rate of between 25 Hz and 1000 Hz.
21. The apparatus of claim 17 , where the pressure wave generating probe further comprises:
an electrohydraulic wave generator; and
a probe handle configured to be removeably coupled to the pressure wave generating probe such that the housing and plurality of electrodes are removable from the probe handle as a single unit; and
where the housing comprises a parabolic surface that defines the chamber.
22. The apparatus of claim 21 , where the housing includes one or more liquid ports in fluid communication with the chamber and configured to allow the liquid to circulate between the chamber and the probe handle when the pressure wave generating probe is coupled to the probe handle.
23. The apparatus of claim 21 , where:
the pressure wave generating probe includes a first electrical connector configured to couple the plurality of electrodes to the pulse generation system; and
the housing, the plurality of electrodes, and the first electrical connector are removable from the probe handle as a single unit.
24. The apparatus of claim 21 , where the pressure wave generating probe further includes a hinge coupled to a first electrode of the plurality of electrodes, the hinge configured to enable a change in a physical position of the first electrode with respect to a second electrode of the plurality of electrodes.
25. The apparatus of claim 21 , where a position of a first electrode of the plurality of electrodes with respect to a second electrode of the plurality of electrodes is movable from a first position within the chamber to a second position within the chamber.