Non-invasive blood pressure measurement system
A system for non-invasively determining an indication of an individual's blood pressure is described. In certain embodiments, the system calculates pulse wave transit time using two acoustic sensors. The system can include a first acoustic sensor configured to monitor heart sounds of the patient corresponding to ventricular systole and diastole and a second acoustic sensor configured to monitor arterial pulse sounds at an arterial location remote from the heart. The system can advantageously calculate a arterial pulse wave transit time (PWTT) that does not include the pre-ejection period time delay. In certain embodiments, the system further includes a processor that calculates the arterial PWTT obtained from the acoustic sensors. The system can use this arterial PWTT to determine whether to trigger an occlusive cuff measurement.
1. A method of monitoring blood pressure of a user, the method comprising:
under control of a hardware processor,
detecting a cardiac ejection signal from a first sensor coupled with a user, the cardiac ejection signal indicative of when blood is ejected from the user's heart;
receiving an arterial pulse signal from a second sensor non-invasively coupled with the user's wrist, the arterial pulse signal indicative of when a blood pressure pulse arrives at the user's wrist;
calculating a pulse wave transit time (PWTT) measurement by determining a time between a feature of the cardiac ejection signal and a feature of the arterial pulse signal;
dynamically adjusting an averaging filter to apply to a plurality of PWTT measurements to adaptively filter noise in the plurality of PWTT measurements and average the plurality of PWTT measurements, wherein properties of the averaging filter depend on characteristics of heart rate data;
applying the dynamically adjusted averaging filter to the plurality of PWTT measurements;
deriving a blood pressure measurement based at least in part on the averaged plurality of PWTT measurements; and
outputting the blood pressure measurement.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising smoothing one or both of the cardiac ejection signal and the arterial pulse signal prior to calculating the PWTT.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first sensor is configured to be coupled with the user's body at a location other than the chest.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first sensor is configured to be coupled with the user's chest.
5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising calculating the PWTT by at least determining a time difference from a centroid of a first heart sound in the cardiac ejection signal to the feature of the arterial pulse signal.
6. The method of claim 1 , using an electrocardiogram (ECG) signal as a gating function to detect a feature to consider in the cardiac ejection signal.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first sensor and the second sensor is not an acoustic sensor.
8. A system for monitoring blood pressure of a user, the system comprising:
a first sensor that couples with a user, the first sensor configured to output a cardiac ejection signal from the user, the cardiac ejection signal indicative of when blood is ejected from the user's heart;
a second sensor coupled with the user, the second sensor configured to output an arterial pulse signal at the user's wrist, the arterial pulse signal indicative of when a blood pressure pulse arrives at the user's wrist;
a hardware processor configured to:
calculate a pulse wave transit time (PWTT) by determining a time between a feature of the cardiac ejection signal and a feature of the arterial pulse signal;
dynamically adjust an averaging filter to apply to a plurality of PWTT measurements to adaptively filter noise in the plurality of PWTT measurements and average the plurality of PWTT measurements, wherein properties of the averaging filter depend on characteristics of heart rate data;
apply the dynamically adjusted averaging filter to the plurality of PWTT measurements;
derive a blood pressure measurement based at least in part on the averaged and filtered plurality of PWTT measurements; and
a display that outputs the blood pressure measurement.
9. The system of claim 8 , wherein the hardware processor is further configured to smooth one or both of the cardiac ejection signal and the arterial pulse signal prior to calculating the PWTT.
10. The system of claim 8 , wherein the first sensor includes and an acoustic sensor and is configured to be coupled with the user's body at a location other than the chest.
11. The system of claim 8 , wherein the first sensor is configured to be coupled with the user's chest.
12. The system of claim 8 , wherein the hardware processor is further configured to calculate the PWTT by at least determining a time difference from a centroid of a first heart sound in the cardiac ejection signal to the feature of the arterial pulse signal.
13. The system of claim 8 , wherein the hardware processor is further configured to use an electrocardiogram (ECG) signal as a gating function to detect a feature to consider in the cardiac ejection signal.
14. The system of claim 8 , wherein at least one of the first sensor and the second sensor is not an acoustic sensor.