Flexible surgical instrument system

1. A flexible surgical instrument, comprising:

a distal structural body comprising at least one distal structural segment each comprising a distal fixing disk and structural backbones;

a proximal structural body comprising at least one proximal structural segment each comprising a proximal fixing disk, structural backbones, and driving backbones, the structural backbones of the distal structural segment being securely connected in one-to-one correspondence to or the same as corresponding structural backbones of the proximal structural segment; and

a driving transmission mechanism to push or pull the driving backbones to turn the proximal structural segment;

wherein first ends of the driving backbones are fixed onto the proximal fixing disk, and second ends of the driving backbones are fixed in the driving transmission mechanism.

2. The flexible surgical instrument of claim 1 , wherein

proximal ends of the structural backbones of the proximal structural segment are securely connected to the proximal fixing disk, and distal ends of the structural backbones of the distal structural segment are securely connected to the distal fixing disk.

3. The flexible surgical instrument of claim 1 , wherein

the driving transmission mechanism comprises a driving part to convert the rotational power into a linear power to cooperatively push or pull the driving backbones to turn the proximal structural segment.

4. The flexible surgical instrument of claim 3 , wherein

the driving part comprises a plurality of sets of linear driving mechanisms, each set of linear driving mechanisms being to output a cooperative push/pull motion,

the linear driving mechanism comprises a first threaded rod, and a first slider threadedly fitted with the first threaded rod;

the first sliders of each set of the linear driving mechanisms are securely connected to corresponding driving backbones.

5. The flexible surgical instrument of claim 3 , wherein

the driving transmission mechanism further comprises:

an introducing part to introduce an outside rotational power into the driving part;

a reversing part to implement a cooperative motion of the driving part;

the outside rotational power is transmitted to the driving part through the introducing part and the reversing part.

6. The flexible surgical instrument of claim 4 , wherein

the driving transmission mechanism further comprises:

an introducing part to introduce an outside rotational power into the driving part, the introducing part comprising a driving shaft;

a reversing part comprising several sets of reversing gears, each set of reversing gears comprising two intermeshing gears securely connected to two first threaded rods of each set of two linear driving mechanisms, respectively;

the outside rotational power is transmitted to one of the two first threaded rods through the driving shaft, and drives the two first threaded rods to rotate in opposite directions with the set of reversing gears.

7. The flexible surgical instrument of claim 6 , wherein

the driving transmission mechanism further comprises a main body part comprising a distal cover plate, a distal fixing plate, a middle fixing plate, and a proximal fixing plate;

the driving shaft is rotatably mounted between the proximal fixing plate and the middle fixing plate;

the first threaded rod is rotatably mounted between the distal fixing plate and the middle fixing plate; and

the set of reversing gears are mounted between the distal cover plate and the distal fixing plate.

8. The flexible surgical instrument of claim 7 , wherein

the linear driving mechanism further comprises a shaft fixedly connected between the distal fixing plate and the middle fixing plate, and

the first slider is slidably connected to the shaft.

9. The flexible surgical instrument of claim 1 , further comprising: a middle connecting body comprising a proximal structural body fixing end disk and structural backbone guide channels, wherein

distal ends of the structural backbone guide channels are fixedly connected to the driving transmission mechanism, and proximal ends of the structural backbone guide channels are fixedly connected to the proximal structural body fixing end disk, and

the structural backbones of the distal structural segment pass through the structural backbone guide channels and the distal ends of the structural backbones of the distal structural segment are securely connected to the distal fixing disk.

10. The flexible surgical instrument of claim 1 , further comprising a surgical end effector located at a distal end of the distal structural body, and

the driving transmission mechanism further comprises a surgical end effector driving mechanism.

11. The flexible surgical instrument of claim 10 , wherein

the surgical end effector driving mechanism comprises:

a second threaded rod;

a second slider threadedly fitted with the second threaded rod; and

a surgical end effector actuation wire passing through the distal structural body and comprising a proximal end securely connected to the second slider and a distal end securely connected to the surgical end effector.

12. The flexible surgical instrument of claim 11 , wherein

the driving transmission mechanism further comprises a main body part that comprises a middle fixing plate, and

the surgical end effector driving mechanism further comprises:

a fixing end plate fixed onto the middle fixing plate, and

an actuation wire guide channel with a proximal end fixed onto the fixing end plate and a distal end extending into the distal structural segment and fixed onto a distal spacer disk of the distal structural segment,

the second threaded rod is rotatably mounted between the fixing end plate and the middle fixing plate,

the surgical end effector actuation wire passes through the fixing end plate, the actuation wire guide channel and the distal structural body;

a proximal end of the surgical end effector actuation wire is securely connected to the second slider, and

a distal end of the surgical end effector actuation wire is securely connected to the surgical end effector.

13. The flexible surgical instrument of claim 1 , wherein

the distal structural segment further comprises a plurality of distal spacer disks distributed at intervals,

the structural backbones of the distal structural segment pass through structural backbone passage holes distributed in each of the distal spacer disks, and the distal ends of the structural backbones of the distal structural segment are fixed onto the distal fixing disk; and

the proximal structural segment further comprises a plurality of proximal spacer disks distributed at intervals,

the structural backbones of the proximal structural segment pass through structural backbone passage holes distributed in the proximal spacer disks in sequence, and

the proximal ends of the structural backbones of the proximal structural segment are fixed on the proximal fixing disk and the distal ends of the structural backbones of the proximal structural segment are securely connected in one-to-one correspondence to or are the same as the structural backbones of the distal structural segment.

14. The flexible surgical instrument of claim 13 , wherein

a distal structural body comprises a plurality of the distal structural segments or a proximal structural body comprises a plurality of the proximal structural segments,

the structural backbones of a preceding distal structural segment or proximal structural segment use elastic elongated tubes, the structural backbones of a next distal structural segment or proximal structural segment are able to pass through the elastic elongated tubes or directly pass through the structural backbone passage holes in the distal spacer disks or in the proximal spacer disks, respectively.

15. The flexible surgical instrument of claim 1 , wherein

the flexible surgical instrument further comprises a middle connecting body comprising:

a proximal structural body fixing end disk,

structural backbone guide channels, comprising distal ends fixedly connected to the driving transmission mechanism, and proximal ends fixedly connected to the proximal structural body fixing end disk; and

driving backbone guide channels comprising distal and proximal ends fixedly connected to the driving transmission mechanism and the proximal structural body fixing end disk, respectively,

proximal ends of the structural backbones of the proximal structural segment are securely connected to the proximal fixing disk, distal ends of the structural backbones of the distal structural segment are securely connected to the distal fixing disk, and

the structural backbones of the proximal structural segment and the structural backbones of the distal structural segment pass through the structural backbone guide channels.

16. A flexible surgical instrument system, comprising:

the flexible surgical instrument of claim 1 , and

a driving unit to drive the driving transmission mechanism.

17. The flexible surgical instrument system of claim 16 , further comprising:

a sterile barrier arranged between the flexible surgical instrument and the driving unit.

18. The flexible surgical instrument system of claim 17 , wherein

the sterile barrier comprises:

a structural fixing cylinder connected to the flexible surgical instrument and the driving unit;

a sterile barrier cover plate;

a sterile barrier base plate fixedly connected to a proximal end of the structural fixing cylinder to form a closed structure; and

a sterile membrane fixedly connected to an outer edge of the structural fixing cylinder and coated outside the driving unit.

19. The flexible surgical instrument system of claim 16 , further comprising:

a robotic arm fixedly connected with a proximal end of the driving unit and to implement the overall lateral rotation and the overall feed freedom of the flexible surgical instrument system with an abdomen entrance point as fixed point.