Metallic pigment particles

1. A method for producing a conductive liquid electrophotographic ink composition, the method comprising:

heating a polymer resin in a carrier fluid to dissolve the polymer resin;

adding conductive metallic pigment flakes to be coated to the carrier fluid;

cooling the carrier fluid to effect precipitation of the polymer resin from the carrier fluid such that a coating of the resin is at least partially formed on the conductive metallic pigment flakes to form a suspension of at least partially coated conductive metallic pigment flakes in the carrier fluid;

reheating the suspension of at least partially coated conductive metallic pigment flakes in the carrier fluid to a temperature at least 5° C. above a cloud point of the suspension; and

cooling the suspension at a rate of at least or about 20° C. per hour to a temperature at least 5° C. below the cloud point, followed by cooling at a controlled rate of less than 7° C. per hour to effect precipitation of the polymer resin from the carrier fluid such that a coating of the resin is formed on the conductive metallic pigment flakes, thereby producing the conductive liquid electrophotographic ink composition.

2. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the conductive metallic pigment flakes are dispersed in a further portion of carrier fluid prior to being added to the carrier fluid and polymer resin.

3. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the carrier fluid is heated to at least 100° C. to dissolve the polymer resin.

4. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the conductive metallic pigment flakes comprise aluminum flakes.

5. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the polymer resin comprises a polymer having acidic side groups.

6. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the polymer resin comprises a copolymer of an alkylene monomer and a comonomer selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid.

7. A method according to claim 1 , wherein cooling the carrier fluid to effect precipitation of the polymer resin such that a coating of the resin is at least partially formed on the conductive metallic pigment flakes comprises cooling to below the cloud point of the solution at a rate of at least 20° C./hour followed by controlled cooling at a rate of no more than 5° C./hour.

8. A method according to claim 1 , wherein cooling the carrier fluid at a controlled rate comprises cooling the carrier fluid at a rate of no more than 5° C./hour.

9. A method according to claim 1 , further comprising subjecting the polymer resin coated conductive metallic pigment flakes to high shear mixing after the reheating and cooling such that, the coating of the resin is formed on the conductive metallic pigment flakes.

10. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the conductive metallic pigment flakes are added to the carrier fluid before, during or after heating the polymer resin in carrier fluid to dissolve the polymer resin.

11. A method according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the conductive metallic pigment flakes to be coated are dispersed in the carrier fluid with high shear mixing.

12. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the composition resulting from cooling at a controlled rate is suitable for use as or is converted to an liquid electrophotographic ink composition without a further step of grinding.

13. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the conductive metallic pigment flakes are not subjected to a grinding treatment.

14. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the conductive metallic pigment flakes have a thickness from 0.01 μm to 1 μm and an aspect ratio from 2 to 100.

15. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the conductive metallic pigment flakes comprise aluminum, tin, zinc, copper, silver, gold, nickel, palladium, platinum, iron, or a combination thereof.

16. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the cooling at a controlled rate is continued to room temperature.