Aligning single-aperture optical transceiver and method

1. A method for aligning a first optical transceiver, comprising:

splitting a light beam into a) a reference beam that propagates along a common optical path within the first optical transceiver and b) a transmit beam that that propagates away from the first optical transceiver and toward a second optical transceiver;

directing, with a beam director, a receive beam from the second optical transceiver onto the common optical path;

recording, with a tracking focal-plane array (FPA) that intersects the common optical path, a reference-position of the reference beam and an initial-received-position of the receive beam on the tracking FPA; and

actuating the beam director based upon the initial-received-position to achieve a subsequent position of the receive beam on the tracking FPA.

2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising generating the light beam with a light source of the first optical transceiver.

3. The method of claim 1 , the step of splitting further comprising polarizing the light beam such that the reference beam and the transmit beam have respective orthogonal linear polarizations.

4. The method of claim 1 , the receive beam being circularly polarized, and further comprising:

converting the transmit beam to a circularly polarized output beam; and

converting the receive beam to a linearly polarized receive beam.

5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising, before said step of recording, spatially separating the reference beam and the receive beam according to an attribute value of the reference beam that differs from an attribute value of the receive beam, the attribute value being a value of an attribute that is one of polarization, wavelength, temporal amplitude variation, and orbital angular momentum.

6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising, before said splitting the light beam, polarizing the light beam.

7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising directing a portion of the receive beam out of the common optical path and toward a photodetector.

8. The method of claim 7 , directing a portion of the receive beam including directing a portion of the reference beam toward the photodetector, and further comprising at least partially attenuating the portion of the reference beam.

9. The method of claim 1 , the tracking FPA including a sensor array having a sensor-array center, in the step of actuating, a distance between the initial-received-position and the sensor-array center exceeding a distance between the subsequent position and the sensor-array center.

10. A single-aperture optical transceiver, comprising:

a tracking focal-plane array (FPA);

a beam splitter that includes a first port, a second port, a third port opposite the first port, a fourth port opposite the second port, and a beam-splitting interface, the beam splitter and the tracking FPA defining a common optical path for a receive beam and a reference beam that are respectively received and generated by the single-aperture optical transceiver; and

a retroreflector that retroreflects the reference beam exiting the third port back to the third port;

the beam splitter splits a light beam incident on the first port into a transmit beam and the reference beam;

the tracking FPA receiving both the reference beam and the receive beam via the common optical path.

11. The transceiver of claim 10 , further comprising a light source that generates the light beam.

12. The transceiver of claim 10 , further comprising an actuatable beam director that intersects the common optical path, the beam splitter being between the actuatable beam director and the tracking FPA along the common optical path.

13. The transceiver of claim 10 , further comprising, on the common optical path between the beam splitter and the tracking FPA:

a beam displacer that separates the reference beam and the receive beam such that the reference beam and the receive beam are detected by the tracking FPA distinctly.

14. The transceiver of claim 13 , the beam displacer being formed of a birefringent material, the reference beam being linearly polarized in a first plane and the receive beam being linearly polarized in a second plane that is substantially orthogonal to the first plane.

15. The transceiver of claim 14 , further comprising a polarizing filter to attenuate components of the light beam that are linearly polarized in a plane other than the second plane.

16. The transceiver of claim 10 , further comprising a quarter-wave plate, the beam splitter being located between the tracking FPA and the quarter-wave plate along the common optical path such that the beam splitter directs the transmit beam to propagate through the quarter-wave plate.

17. The transceiver of claim 16 , the quarter-wave plate being configured to convert (a) the transmit beam to a circularly polarized output beam and (b) a circularly polarized input signal to the receive beam.

18. The transceiver of claim 10 , further comprising a beam sampler on the common optical path between the beam splitter and the tracking FPA to direct a portion of the receive beam toward a detector.

19. The transceiver of claim 18 , further comprising:

the detector; and

an optical fiber coupled to (i) the detector and (b) a light source that generates a metrology signal, the optical fiber being positioned to both (i) receive the portion of the receive beam and (ii) launch the metrology signal toward the beam sampler.

20. The transceiver of claim 18 , further comprising a lens on the common optical path between the tracking FPA and the beam splitter, a distance between the lens and the tracking FPA differing from a focal length of the lens by less than a depth of focus of the lens.