Method and device for separating extracellular vesicles from biological liquids with the aid of cascade ultrafiltration
This invention describes a method and a device for efficient isolation of extracellular vesicles from animal and human biological fluids, as well as from culture fluid using equipment of standard diagnostic laboratories, that is, without the use of ultracentrifugation. These method and device can be applied for the diagnosis of various human diseases, as well as for therapeutic purposes, if the purified vesicles are used as an agent for drug delivery to the cells of the body. The device for the purification of extracellular vesicles contains at least two membrane filters: the first filter containing a membrane with pore sizes in the range from 400 to 600 nm, connected to the second filter containing a membrane with pores in the range from 95 to 200 nm. At the same time, the membranes of these filters are made of materials that practically do not bind biological polymers.
1. A method for isolating extracellular vesicles from a sample of a biological fluid of a subject, comprising at least the following steps:
(a) obtaining the sample of the biological fluid;
(b) passing said sample at least once through a first membrane filter containing a first membrane that practically does not bind biological polymers and has pore sizes in a range from 400 to 600 nm;
(c) passing a solution that has passed through the first membrane filter from step (b) at least once through a second membrane filter containing a second membrane that practically does not bind biological polymers and has pore sizes in a range from 95 to 200 nm;
(d) harvesting a material from the sample, which has not passed through the second membrane filter, from a surface of the second membrane filter,
wherein said material consists essentially of extracellular vesicles.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the first or second membrane, which practically does not bind biological polymers, is made of: cellulose acetate, regenerated cellulose, or polyethersulfone.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the second membrane filter has pore sizes in a range from 95 to 105 nm.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the material that has not passed through the second filter is harvested by a reverse flow of a rinsing buffer.
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein centrifugation or vacuum filtration is used to increase a rate of a biological fluid's passage through the first or second membrane filter.
6. The method according to claim 5 , wherein centrifugation or vacuum filtration for purpose of increasing the passage rate is used in any combination, namely, vacuum filtration for the first filter and vacuum filtration for the second filter; vacuum filtration for the first filter and centrifugation for the second filter; centrifugation for the first filter and vacuum filtration for the second filter; centrifugation for the first filter and centrifugation for the second filter.
7. The method according to claim 5 , wherein passing the sample of the biological fluid through the first and second membrane filters is carried out at least two times.
8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the biological fluid from which extracellular vesicles are isolated is a human biological fluid, selected from the following group: blood plasma, blood serum, urine, synovial fluid, cerebrospinal fluid, saliva, tear, seminal fluid, milk or prostate juice.
9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein medical indications for using the method are selected from diseases of organs and tissues of a genitourinary system, or cancer diseases.
10. A device for implementing the method according to claim 1 , the device comprising:
a first membrane filter containing a first membrane with pore sizes in a range from 400 to 600 nm, and functionally connected to a second membrane filter containing a second membrane with pore sizes in a range from 95 to 200 nm;
wherein the first and second membranes are made of materials that practically do not bind biological polymers, and the device itself is configured to filter a sample of a biological fluid through both said filters.