Contoured electrode for capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer
Aspects of this disclosure relate to a capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT) with a contoured electrode. In certain embodiments, the CMUT has a contoured electrode. The electrode may be non-planar to correspond to a deflected shape of the outer plate. A change in distance between the electrode and the plate after deflection may be greater than a minimum threshold across the width of the CMUT.
1. A capacitive micromachined ultrasound transducer (CMUT), comprising:
a contoured electrode defining a central axis, the contoured electrode extending from a central electrode region that intersects the central axis to an outer electrode region;
a substrate supporting the contoured electrode; and
a plate at least partially axially spaced apart from the contoured electrode forming a cavity therebetween, the plate extending from a central plate region that intersects the central axis to an outer plate region, wherein a voltage applied across the contoured electrode and the plate deflects the plate from an undeflected configuration into a deflected configuration,
wherein the substrate comprises one or more of the following: glass, quartz, sapphire, diamond, and metal,
wherein, in the undeflected configuration, a first axial distance from a point within the central plate region to a point within the central electrode region is greater than a second axial distance from a point within the outer plate region to a point within the outer electrode region, and
wherein, in the undeflected configuration, at least a portion of the outer electrode region of the contoured electrode contacts at least a portion of the outer plate region of the plate.
2. The CMUT of claim 1 , wherein a two-dimensional cross-sectional profile of the contoured electrode is one or more of: piece-wise linear, curved, and stepped.
3. The CMUT of claim 1 , the contoured electrode including one or more of the following: at least one planar portion, at least one concave portion, and at least one convex portion.
4. A CMUT array comprising a plurality of the CMUTs of claim 1 .
5. A capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT), comprising:
a contoured electrode defining a central axis, the contoured electrode extending from a central electrode region that intersects the central axis to an outer electrode region;
a substrate supporting the contoured electrode; and
a plate at least partially axially spaced apart from the contoured electrode forming a cavity therebetween, the plate extending from a central plate region that intersects the central axis to an outer plate region, wherein a voltage applied across the contoured electrode and the plate deflects the plate from an undeflected configuration into a deflected configuration,
wherein the substrate comprises one or more of the following: glass, quartz, sapphire, diamond, and metal,
wherein, in the undeflected configuration, a first axial distance from a point within the central plate region to a point within the central electrode region is greater than a second axial distance from a point within the outer plate region to a point within the outer electrode region, and
wherein the first axial distance when the plate is undeflected is between 10 nanometers and 200 microns.
6. The CMUT of claim 5 , wherein, when the plate is deflected, the first and second axial distances each decrease at least 10% relative to when the plate is undeflected.
7. The CMUT of claim 5 , wherein a two-dimensional cross-sectional profile of the contoured electrode has varying heights.
8. The CMUT of claim 5 , wherein a two-dimensional cross-sectional profile of the contoured electrode is one or more of: piece-wise linear, curved, and stepped.
9. The CMUT of claim 5 , the contoured electrode including one or more of the following: at least one planar portion, at least one concave portion, and at least one convex portion.
10. The CMUT of claim 5 , the plate comprising metal.
11. The CMUT of claim 5 , wherein the substrate comprises an electrically conductive substrate, and the contoured electrode is a contoured surface of the electrically conductive substrate.
12. The CMUT of claim 5 , the contoured electrode comprising metal on the substrate.
13. The CMUT of claim 5 , wherein a two-dimensional cross-sectional profile of the contoured electrode has a shape that generally corresponds to a configuration of the plate when the plate is in the deflected configuration.
14. The CMUT of claim 5 , wherein a thickness of the plate is between 0.1 and 200 microns.
15. The CMUT of claim 5 , further comprising a plate support surrounding the contoured electrode and contacting the plate.
16. A capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT), comprising:
a contoured electrode having a central electrode region, a mid electrode region, and an outer electrode region;
a substrate supporting the contoured electrode; and
a plate at least partially spaced apart from the contoured electrode forming a cavity therebetween, the plate having a central plate region, a mid plate region, and an outer plate region, wherein an electrical potential between the contoured electrode and the plate deflects the plate from an undeflected configuration into a deflected configuration, wherein, when the plate is undeflected, a first distance between the central plate region and the central electrode region is greater than a second distance between the mid plate region and the mid electrode region, and the second distance is greater than a third distance between the outer plate region and the outer electrode region, wherein at least one of the substrate or the plate comprises metal, and wherein the first distance when the plate is undeflected is between 10 nanometers and 200 microns.
17. The CMUT of claim 16 , wherein a two-dimensional cross-sectional profile of the contoured electrode is one or more of: piece-wise linear, curved, and stepped.
18. The CMUT of claim 16 , the contoured electrode including one or more of the following: at least one planar portion, at least one concave portion, and at least one convex portion.
19. The CMUT of claim 16 , wherein, when the plate is deflected, the first, second and third distances each decrease at least 10% relative to when the plate is undeflected.
20. The CMUT of claim 16 , wherein a thickness of the plate is between 0.1 and 200 microns.