Control unit and method for defining movement regions

1. A component for a vehicle configured to drive on a roadway, comprising:

a control unit, wherein the control unit is configured to:

detect a road user on the roadway external to the vehicle, wherein the type of the road user is a two-track motor vehicle or a single-track motor vehicle or a cyclist or a pedestrian;

ascertain a property of the road user, comprising one or more of: a type of the road user, a space requirement of the road user, a movement speed of the road user; and a driving style of the road user;

ascertain that a portion of the roadway is one in which the road user can safely move, based on the detected road user, the property of the road user, and a movement trajectory of the vehicle;

determine that the road user has left or, within a predetermined time interval, will leave the portion of the roadway in which the road user can move;

prompt the communication means to generate an acoustic output in order to make the road user aware of the portion of the roadway; and

prompt a communication means of the vehicle to generate an optical output onto the roadway that indicates to the road user the portion of the roadway in which the control unit has ascertained that the road user can safely move relative to a portion of the roadway occupied by the movement trajectory of the vehicle.

2. The component as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the control unit is further configured to:

predict a movement trajectory of the vehicle on the roadway; and

ascertain the portion of the roadway in which the road user can move on a basis of the movement trajectory of the vehicle.

3. The component as claimed in claim 1 , wherein:

the optical output separates the roadway into a first portion and a second portion;

the first portion is provided for a movement of the vehicle; and

the second portion is the portion of the roadway in which the road user can move.

4. The component as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the optical output comprises one or more of:

a separating line projected onto the roadway between the portion of the roadway in which the road user can move and a further portion of the roadway in which the vehicle moves; and

a region of the roadway that is illuminated on the roadway, wherein the region indicates a predicted movement trajectory of the vehicle.

5. The component as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the communication means comprises one or more of:

a laser scanner;

a laser headlamp; and

a multiplicity of projectors.

6. The component as claimed in claim 5 , wherein the projectors are micro-projectors.

7. The component as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the control unit is further configured to:

capture an input by a driver of the vehicle; and

prompt the communication means to generate the optical output in response to the input.

8. The component as claimed in claim 1 , wherein:

the control unit is further configured to prompt an indication unit of the vehicle to generate an internal output to an occupant of the vehicle; and

the internal output indicates information in relation to the optical output.

9. A vehicle comprising a component as claimed in claim 1 .

10. A method for avoiding a collision between a vehicle and a road user which move on a roadway, comprising the acts of:

detecting the road user on the roadway external to the vehicle, wherein the type of the road user is a two-track motor vehicle or a single-track motor vehicle or a cyclist or a pedestrian;

ascertaining a property of the road user, comprising one or more of: a type of the road user, a space requirement of the road user, a movement speed of the road user; and a driving style of the road user;

assigning a that a portion of the roadway is one in which the road user can safely move, based on the detected road user, the property of the road user, and a movement trajectory of the vehicle;

determining that the road user has left or, within a predetermined time interval, will leave the portion of the roadway in which the road user can move;

generating an acoustic output in order to make the road user aware of the portion of the roadway; and

generating an optical output onto the roadway that indicates to the road user the portion of the roadway in which the control unit has ascertained that the road user can safely move relative to a portion of the roadway occupied by the movement trajectory of the vehicle.