System for structurally integrated thermal management for thin wing aircraft control surface actuators
A thermal management system for transferring heat from a heat load includes a composite structural member that supports a heat load source and a heat transfer member in thermal contact with the composite structural member, and in thermal contact with a heat sink. The system further includes at least one thermally-conductive first fastener that is in thermal contact with the heat transfer member, couples the heat load source to the composite structural member, and conducts heat from the heat load source into the heat transfer member. The heat transfer member conducts heat from the thermally-conductive first fastener to the heat sink.
1. A composite wing spar comprising:
a first composite structural member that supports a heat load source and comprises a web portion;
a second composite structural member comprising a web portion, wherein
the web portion of the first composite structural member is positioned adjacent, and spaced apart from, the web portion of the second composite structural member to define a central cavity between the first composite structural member and the second composite structural member; and
a heat transfer member positioned in at least a portion of the central cavity in thermal contact with at least the first composite structural member and in thermal contact with a heat sink; and
at least one thermally conductive first fastener that connects the first composite structural member to the second composite structural member, is in thermal contact with the heat transfer member, that couples the heat load source to the first composite structural member, and that conducts heat from the heat load source into the heat transfer member; wherein the heat transfer member conducts heat from the thermally conductive first fastener to the heat sink.
2. The composite wing spar of claim 1 , wherein the heat transfer member comprises carbon foam.
3. The composite wing spar of claim 1 , wherein:
the first composite structural member further comprises a base and a cap and
the composite wing spar further comprises a stiffening member in contact with one of the cap or the base of the first composite structural member.
4. The composite wing spar of claim 1 , wherein:
the second composite structural member further comprises a base and a cap and
the composite wing spar further comprises a stiffening member in contact with one of the cap or the base of the second composite structural member.
5. The composite wing spar of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first composite structural member or the second composite structural member further comprise a C-channel member.
6. The composite wing spar of claim 1 , wherein:
the first composite structural member has a first thermal conductivity coefficient,
the heat transfer member has a second thermal conductivity coefficient that is greater than the first thermal conductivity coefficient, and
the at least one thermally conductive first fastener has a third thermal conductivity coefficient that is greater than the second thermal conductivity coefficient.
7. The composite wing spar of claim 1 , wherein the heat transfer member comprises a graphene material.
8. The composite wing spar of claim 1 , wherein the heat transfer member comprises a carbon nano tube strip or strap.
9. The composite wing spar of claim 1 , wherein the heat transfer member comprises a pyrolytic graphite strip or strap.
10. The composite wing spar of claim 1 , wherein the at least one thermally conductive first fastener comprises stainless steel.
11. The composite wing spar of claim 1 , wherein the heat load source comprises an electric actuation system (EAS) mounted to the web portion of the first composite structural member by a thermally-conductive mount.
12. The composite wing spar of claim 11 , further comprising a thermally-conductive fastener that connects the thermally-conductive mount to the web portion of the first composite structural member, and extends into the heat transfer member positioned in at least a portion of the central cavity.
13. The composite wing spar of claim 1 , wherein the heat transfer member comprises a metallic strip or strap.
14. The composite wing spar of claim 13 , wherein the metallic strip or strap comprises copper.
15. The composite wing spar of claim 1 , wherein:
the heat sink comprises ambient atmosphere and the composite wing spar further comprises a thermally conductive second fastener that is in thermal contact with the heat transfer member, and that couples a composite wing skin to at least the first composite structural member;
the composite wing skin has at least one side, exposed to the ambient atmosphere; and
at least a portion of the thermally-conductive second fastener extends to the at least one side exposed to the ambient atmosphere.
16. The composite wing spar of claim 15 , wherein the composite wing skin further comprises fibers in a resin and wherein the fibers are more thermally conductive than the resin.
17. The composite wing spar of claim 15 , further comprising a stiffening member in contact with at least the first composite structural member and with an interior side of the composite wing skin.
18. The composite wing spar of claim 17 , wherein the stiffening member comprises one or more channels.
19. The composite wing spar of claim 18 , wherein the one or more channels contain a portion of the heat transfer member.
20. The composite wing spar of claim 19 , wherein the heat transfer member comprises carbon foam material.