Generating diffraction images based on wave equations

1. A computer-implemented method, comprising:

generating a source wavefield and a receiver wavefield associated with a subsurface;

based on the source wavefield, generating a first source wavefield propagating in a first direction and a second source wavefield propagating in a second direction;

based on the receiver wavefield, generating a first receiver wavefield propagating in the first direction and a second receiver wavefield propagating in the second direction;

generating a first seismic image based on the first source wavefield and the first receiver wavefield;

generating a second seismic image based on the second source wavefield and the second receiver wavefield; and

multiplying the first seismic image by the second seismic image sample-by-sample to generate a diffraction based final image, wherein the diffraction based final image images diffractors and suppresses images of reflectors in the subsurface;

displaying the diffraction based final image;

based on the diffraction based final image, determining locations for hydrocarbon wells and determining drilling parameters for the hydrocarbon wells; and

displaying the locations for the hydrocarbon wells and the drilling parameters.

2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 , wherein the first source wavefield is generated by applying a Hilbert transform on the source wavefield.

3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 , wherein the source wavefield and the receiver wavefield represent wave propagation for a first source location.

4. The computer-implemented method of claim 3 , further comprising:

generating a second source wavefield and a second receiver wavefield for a second source location;

based on the second source wavefield, generating a third source wavefield propagating in the first direction and a fourth source wavefield propagating in the second direction;

based on the second receiver wavefield, generating a third receiver wavefield propagating in the first direction and a fourth receiver wavefield propagating in the second direction;

generating a third seismic image based on the third source wavefield and the third receiver wavefield;

generating a fourth seismic image based on the fourth source wavefield and the fourth receiver wavefield; and

generating a second final seismic image based on the first, second, third, and fourth seismic images.

5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 , wherein the diffractors comprise discontinuities in the subsurface.

6. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions executable by a computer system to perform operations comprising:

generating a source wavefield and a receiver wavefield;

based on the source wavefield, generating a first source wavefield propagating in a first direction and a second source wavefield propagating in a second direction;

based on the receiver wavefield, generating a first receiver wavefield propagating in the first direction and a second receiver wavefield propagating in the second direction;

generating a first seismic image based on the first source wavefield and the first receiver wavefield;

generating a second seismic image based on the second source wavefield and the second receiver wavefield; and

multiplying the first seismic image by the second seismic image sample-by-sample to generate a diffraction based final image, wherein the diffraction based final image images diffractors and suppresses images of reflectors in the subsurface;

displaying the diffraction based final image;

based on the diffraction based final image, determining locations for hydrocarbon wells and determining drilling parameters for the hydrocarbon wells; and

displaying the locations for the hydrocarbon wells and the drilling parameters.

7. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 6 , wherein the first source wavefield is generated by applying a Hilbert transform on the source wavefield.

8. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 6 , wherein the source wavefield and the receiver wavefield represent wave propagation for a first source location.

9. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 8 , further comprising:

generating a second source wavefield and a second receiver wavefield for a second source location;

based on the second source wavefield, generating a third source wavefield propagating in the first direction and a fourth source wavefield propagating in the second direction;

based on the second receiver wavefield, generating a third receiver wavefield propagating in the first direction and a fourth receiver wavefield propagating in the second direction;

generating a third seismic image based on the third source wavefield and the third receiver wavefield;

generating a fourth seismic image based on the fourth source wavefield and the fourth receiver wavefield; and

generating a second final seismic image based on the first, second, third, and fourth seismic images.

10. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 6 , wherein the diffractors comprise discontinuities in the subsurface.

11. A computer-implemented system, comprising:

one or more computers; and

one or more computer memory devices interoperably coupled with the one or more computers and having tangible, non-transitory, machine-readable media storing one or more instructions that, when executed by the one or more computers, perform one or more operations comprising:

generating a source wavefield and a receiver wavefield;

based on the source wavefield, generating a first source wavefield propagating in a first direction and a second source wavefield propagating in a second direction;

based on the receiver wavefield, generating a first receiver wavefield propagating in the first direction and a second receiver wavefield propagating in the second direction;

generating a first seismic image based on the first source wavefield and the first receiver wavefield;

generating a second seismic image based on the second source wavefield and the second receiver wavefield; and

multiplying the first seismic image by the second seismic image sample-by-sample to generate a diffraction based final image, wherein the diffraction based final image images diffractors and suppresses images of reflectors in the subsurface;

displaying the diffraction based final image;

based on the diffraction based final image, determining locations for hydrocarbon wells and determining drilling parameters for the hydrocarbon wells; and

displaying the locations for the hydrocarbon wells and the drilling parameters.

12. The computer-implemented system of claim 11 , wherein the first source wavefield is generated by applying a Hilbert transform on the source wavefield.

13. The computer-implemented system of claim 11 , wherein the source wavefield and the receiver wavefield represent wave propagation for a first source location.

14. The computer-implemented system of claim 13 , further comprising:

generating a second source wavefield and a second receiver wavefield for a second source location;

based on the second source wavefield, generating a third source wavefield propagating in the first direction and a fourth source wavefield propagating in the second direction;

based on the second receiver wavefield, generating a third receiver wavefield propagating in the first direction and a fourth receiver wavefield propagating in the second direction;

generating a third seismic image based on the third source wavefield and the third receiver wavefield;

generating a fourth seismic image based on the fourth source wavefield and the fourth receiver wavefield; and

generating a second final seismic image based on the first, second, third, and fourth seismic images.

15. The computer-implemented system of claim 11 , wherein the diffractors comprise discontinuities in the subsurface.