System and method for plasma discharge in liquid
A system for generating a plasma discharge in liquid utilizes first and second electrodes spaced apart in an interior space of a vessel holding the liquid. A channel can be defined in certain embodiments at least partially by at least one of the first and second electrodes, and an inlet in fluid communication with the interior space is configured to generate a vortical fluid flow in the vessel. A method for generating a plasma discharge in liquid is also provided.
1. A system for generating a plasma discharge in liquid, the system comprising:
a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet in fluid communication with an interior space of a liquid vessel, the inlet and outlet both disposed near a top side of the liquid vessel and configured to generate a vortex fluid flow in the interior space of the liquid vessel; and
a high voltage electrode and a ground electrode spaced apart, the high voltage electrode i) disposed at a bottom side of the liquid vessel, ii) including a gas channel for gas injection into the liquid vessel, and iii) including an endcap and a plurality of lateral openings in a sidewall of the high voltage electrode proximal to the endcap.
2. The system of claim 1 , further including a liquid reservoir in fluid communication with the interior space of the liquid vessel and a pump that pumps liquid between the liquid reservoir and the liquid vessel.
3. The system of claim 2 , further including a liquid spray nozzle in the liquid reservoir, the liquid spray nozzle in fluid communication with the liquid outlet.
4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the liquid inlet is disposed tangentially relative to a sidewall of the liquid vessel to generate the vortex fluid flow in the interior space.
5. The system of claim 4 , wherein the liquid outlet is disposed at a center of the top side of the liquid vessel to generate a reverse vortex fluid flow in the interior space.
6. The system of claim 5 , further including an insulator around the high voltage electrode, and a center tube extension of the liquid outlet into the interior space of the liquid vessel, with a gap between the center tube and the insulator.
7. The system of claim 6 , wherein the insulator is one of Teflon, glass-filled Teflon, sapphire, or ceramic.
8. The system of claim 6 , further including a photocatalyst coating on the center tube.
9. The system of claim 8 , wherein the photocatalyst is titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ).
10. The system of claim 1 , wherein the ground electrode is disposed in the interior space of the liquid vessel.
11. The system of claim 10 , wherein the ground electrode is disposed coaxially around the high voltage electrode.
12. The system of claim 11 , further including an insulator between the high voltage electrode and the ground electrode, along a length of the high voltage electrode.
13. The system of claim 12 , wherein the insulator is one of Teflon, glass-filled Teflon, sapphire, or ceramic.
14. The system of claim 10 , wherein the ground electrode is disposed at the top side of the liquid vessel.
15. The system of claim 1 , wherein the endcap includes a central opening.
16. The system of claim 1 , wherein the lateral openings are disposed radially in the sidewall of the gas channel.
17. The system of claim 1 , wherein the lateral openings are disposed tangentially in the sidewall of the gas channel.
18. A system for generating a plasma discharge in liquid, the system comprising:
a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet in fluid communication with an interior space of a liquid vessel the inlet and outlet both disposed near a top side of the liquid vessel and configured to generate a vortex fluid flow in the interior space of the liquid vessel; and
a high voltage electrode and a ground electrode spaced apart, the high voltage electrode i) disposed at a bottom side of the liquid vessel, ii) including a gas channel for gas injection into the liquid vessel, and iii) an endcap and a plurality of lateral openings in a sidewall of the high voltage electrode proximal to the endcap, and the ground electrode disposed upstream of the liquid inlet in fluid communication with the liquid.
19. The system of claim 18 , wherein the endcap includes a central opening.
20. The system of claim 18 , wherein the lateral openings are disposed radially in the sidewall of the high voltage electrode.
21. The system of claim 18 , wherein the lateral openings are disposed tangentially in the sidewall of the high voltage electrode.
22. The system of claim 18 , further including an insulator around the high voltage electrode and a center tube extension of the liquid outlet into the interior space of the liquid vessel, with a gap between the center tube and the insulator.
23. The system of claim 22 , wherein the insulator is one of Teflon, glass-filled Teflon, sapphire, or ceramic.
24. The system of claim 22 , further including a photocatalyst coating on the center tube.
25. The system of claim 24 , wherein the photocatalyst is titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ).