Under-display fingerprint sensing based on off-axis angular light
An apparatus for touch-sensing includes a light-emitting layer covered by a transparent layer and configured to illuminate a surface touching the transparent layer and to allow transmission of reflected light rays from the surface to underlying layers. The underlying layers include an optical coupling layer, a collimator layer and a pixelated image sensor. The optical coupling layer bends the reflected light rays to create oblique light rays. The collimator layer includes a number of apertures to collimate the received light rays. The pixelated image sensor senses the collimated oblique light rays.
1. An apparatus for touch sensing, the apparatus comprising:
a light-emitting layer covered by a transparent layer and configured to illuminate a surface touching the transparent layer and to allow transmission of reflected light rays from the surface to underlying layers including:
an optical coupling layer configured to diffract the reflected light rays to create oblique light rays;
an optical bending layer configured to bend the oblique light rays;
a collimator layer including a plurality of apertures and configured to collimate light rays received from the optical bending layer, wherein the collimator layer comprises a nontilted collimator; and
a pixelated image sensor configured to sense collimated oblique light rays.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the optical coupling layer comprises an optical layer made of a grating including a periodic structure of Fresnel prisms.
3. The apparatus of claim 2 , further comprising a polarizer including a linear polarizer and one or more circular polarizers.
4. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the oblique light rays are bent at an angle of about 42° with respect to a normal to a plane of the optical coupling layer.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein a collimator axis of the nontilted collimator is substantially perpendicular to the collimator layer.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the optical bending layer comprises a planar array of blazed gratings.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the optical bending layer comprises a holographic grating layer formed of a volume of thin layer materials with modulated refractive index.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the light-emitting layer is configured to generate a uniform flood illumination, and wherein the light-emitting layer comprises an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display.
9. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the light-emitting layer comprises a non-uniform illumination source configurable to generate different spatial patterns for different scans of the surface touching the transparent layer.
10. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the collimator layer comprises one of a micro-aperture plate or a fiber-optics plate, and wherein the collimator layer is configured to provide a narrow field-of-view (FOV) within a range of about +/−0.5° to +/−10°.
11. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the pixelated image sensor comprises a thin-film transistor (TFT)-based organic imager.
12. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the surface touching the transparent layer comprises a surface of a human finger.
13. A communication device comprising:
a processor; and
an angle-focused touch-sensing apparatus comprising:
a light-emitting layer covered by a transparent layer and configured to illuminate a surface touching the transparent layer and to allow transmission of a reflected light from the surface to underlying layers including:
a grating layer configured to refract the reflected light to create oblique light rays;
an optical bending layer configured to bend the oblique light rays;
a collimator layer including a plurality of apertures and configured to spatially process light rays received from the optical bending layer, wherein the collimator layer comprises a nontilted collimator; and
a pixelated image sensor configured to sense the spatially processed light.
14. The communication device of claim 13 , wherein the grating layer comprises a periodic structure of Fresnel prisms, and wherein the underlying layers further comprises a polarizer including a linear polarizer and one or more circular polarizers.
15. The communication device of claim 13 , wherein the oblique light rays are bent at an angle of about 42° with respect to a normal to a plane of the grating layer.
16. The communication device of claim 13 , wherein a collimator axis of the nontilted collimator is substantially perpendicular to the collimator layer.
17. The communication device of claim 13 , wherein the optical bending layer comprises one of a planar array of blazed gratings or a holographic grating layer formed of a volume of thin-layer materials with a modulated refractive index.
18. The communication device of claim 13 , wherein the light-emitting layer comprises a nonuniform illumination source configurable to generate different spatial patterns for different scans of the surface touching the transparent layer.
19. An angle-focused touch-sensing apparatus, the apparatus comprising:
a touch-display layer including an OLED display configured to emit light to illuminate a touching surface and to transmit reflected light from the touching surface for sensing;
an optical grating layer configured to bend the reflected light to create oblique light rays, the optical grating layer comprising Fresnel prisms;
an optical layer comprising blazed gratings configured to rebend the oblique light rays to straight light rays;
a collimator layer configured to collimate the straight light rays; and
a pixelated image sensor configured to sense collimated light rays.