Detection system for an electronic nose and an electronic nose comprising such a system

1. A detection system for an electronic nose capable of detecting and identifying a set S of compounds likely to be present in a gaseous sample, the detection system comprising:

a plurality of cross-reactive detection sensors for providing signals representative of the presence of one or more compounds of the set S in the gaseous sample, each detection sensor comprising at least one detection sensitive part;

at least one reference sensor for providing a signal representative of the measurement noise of the detection system, the at least one reference sensor comprising at least one reference sensitive part;

a substrate comprising a surface on which the at least one detection sensitive part and the at least one reference sensitive part are arranged, the surface further comprising:

a plurality of detection sensitive areas, each of said detection sensitive areas corresponding to the detection sensitive part of one of the detection sensors and each of said detection sensitive areas comprising at least one detection receptor capable of interacting physicochemically with at least one compound of the set S of compounds; and

at least one reference sensitive area which corresponds to the reference sensitive part of the reference sensor and which is functionalized with at least one first fluorinated compound selected from compounds of formula C v F 2v+2 in which v is an integer ranging from 4 to 20, or compounds of formula C w F 2w+1 -(L) x -Z in which w is an integer ranging from 1 to 12, x is 0 or 1, L represents a divalent spacer group while Z represents a group capable of allowing the at least one first fluorinated compound to be attached to the surface of the substrate.

2. The detection system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the surface of the substrate is a passivated surface.

3. The detection system as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the surface of the substrate is passivated with a second fluorinated compound selected from compounds comprising at least one perfluorinated terminal alkyl group or fluorinated polymers, the second fluorinated compound being the same as or different than the at least one first fluorinated compound.

4. The detection system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the at least one first fluorinated compound is selected from compounds of formula C w F 2w+1 -(L) x -Z in which w is an integer ranging from 1 to 12, x is 0 or 1, L represents a divalent spacer group while Z represents a group capable of allowing the at least one first fluorinated compound to be attached to the surface of the substrate.

5. The detection system as claimed in claim 4 , wherein the divalent spacer group is a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group comprising from 1 to 20 carbon atoms and optionally one or more heteroatoms.

6. The detection system as claimed in claim 5 , wherein the divalent spacer group is a divalent alkylene group comprising from 1 to 20 carbon atoms.

7. The detection system as claimed in claim 5 , wherein the divalent spacer group is a divalent alkylene group comprising from 1 to 12 carbon atoms.

8. The detection system as claimed in claim 4 , wherein the at least one first fluorinated compound is a perfluoroalkanethiol of formula CF 3 (CF 2 ) y (CH 2 ) z SH in which y is an integer from 0 to 11 and z is an integer from 0 to 20.

9. The detection system as claimed in claim 8 , wherein the at least one first fluorinated compound is 1H,1H-trifluoroethanethiol, 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluoropentanethiol, 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorohexanethiol, 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctanethiol or 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecanethiol.

10. The detection system as claimed in claim 4 , wherein the at least one first fluorinated compound is a perfluoroalkanethiol of formula CF 3 (CF 2 ) y (CH 2 ) z SH in which y is an integer from 0 to 11 and z is an integer from 1 to 12.

11. The detection system as claimed in claim 4 , wherein the Z group is a thiol, amine, silanol, carbonyl or carboxyl group.

12. The detection system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the at least one first fluorinated compound is selected from polytetrafluoroethylenes, polyvinyl fluorides, polyvinylidene fluorides, perfluoroalkoxy alkanes, fluorinated ethylene-propylene copolymers or poly(ethylene-co-tetrafluoroethylene).

13. The detection system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the reference sensitive area is formed by a self-assembled layer of the at least one first fluorinated compound.

14. The detection system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the plurality of cross-reactive detection sensors and the at least one reference sensor are resistive, piezoelectric, mechanical, acoustic, and/or optical sensors.

15. The detection system as claimed in claim 14 , wherein the plurality of cross-reactive detection sensors and the at least one reference sensor are optical surface plasmon resonance sensors.

16. An electronic nose capable of detecting and identifying a set S of compounds likely to be present in a gaseous sample, wherein the electronic nose comprises a detection system as defined in claim 1 .

17. The electronic nose as claimed in claim 16 , wherein the set S of compounds are volatile organic compounds.

18. The electronic nose as claimed in claim 17 , wherein the volatile organic compounds are hydrogen sulfide and/or ammonia.

19. The detection system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the at least one first fluorinated compound is selected from compounds of formula C v F 2v+2 in which v is an integer ranging from 4 to 20.

20. A detection system for detecting and identifying a set S of compounds in a gaseous sample, the detection system comprising:

a plurality of cross-reactive detection sensors configured to provide a plurality of detection signals indicating presence of at least one member of the set S of compounds in the gaseous sample, each detection sensor comprising at least one detection sensitive part;

at least one reference sensor providing at least one reference signal indicating measurement noise of the detection system, the at least one reference sensor comprising at least one reference sensitive part;

a substrate comprising a passivated surface on which the at least one detection sensitive part and the at least one reference sensitive part are arranged, wherein the surface is passivated with at least one first fluorinated compound selected from compounds comprising at least one perfluorinated terminal alkyl group or fluorinated polymers, the passivated surface of the substrate further comprising

at least one reference sensitive area functionalized with at least one second fluorinated compound selected from compounds of formula C v F 2+2 in which v is an integer ranging from 4 to 20, or compounds of formula C w F 2w+1 -(L) x -Z in which w is an integer ranging from 1 to 12, x is 0 or 1, L represents a divalent spacer group while Z represents a group capable of allowing the at least one second fluorinated compound to be attached to the surface of the substrate; and

a plurality of detection sensitive areas having at least one detection receptor for physicochemically interacting with the at least one member of the set S of compounds.

21. The detection system of claim 20 , wherein the surface is passivated with the at least one first fluorinated compound selected from compounds of formula C v F 2+2 in which v is an integer ranging from 4 to 20, or compounds of formula C w F 2w+1 -(L) x -Z in which w is an integer ranging from 1 to 12, x is 0 or 1, L represents a divalent spacer group while Z represents a group capable of allowing the at least one first fluorinated compound to be attached to the surface of the substrate.