Method of solvent-free manufacturing of composite electrodes incorporating radiation curable binders
A method of making an electrode includes the step of mixing active material particles, radiation curable resin precursors, and electrically conductive particles to create an electrode precursor mixture. The electrode precursor mixture is electrostatically sprayed onto a current collector to provide an electrode preform. The electrode preform is heated and calendered to melt the resin precursor such that the resin precursor surrounds the active particles and electrically conductive particles. Radiation is applied to the electrode preform sufficient to cure the radiation curable resin precursors into resin.
1. A method of making an electrode, comprising the steps of:
mixing active material particles, radiation curable resin precursors, and electrically conductive particles to create an electrode precursor mixture;
electrostatically spraying the electrode precursor mixture onto a current collector to provide an electrode preform;
calendaring while heating with heated rollers the electrode preform such that the radiation curable resin precursors melt and are pressed to surround and embed the active material particles and electrically conductive particles; and
applying electron beam radiation having an energy of 100 kV-300 kV to the electrode preform to cure the radiation curable resin precursors into resin;
wherein the method is performed in the absence of solvents.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the radiation curable resin precursors comprise at least one selected from the group consisting of monomers and oligomers.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the radiation curable precursors comprise at least one selected from the group consisting of precursors that cure via free radical mechanism and cationic mechanism.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the resin precursors that cure via free radical mechanism comprise at least one selected from the group consisting of vinyl unsaturation and acrylate groups.
5. The method of claim 3 , wherein the resin precursors that cure via cationic mechanism comprise epoxide groups.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electrically conductive particles comprise at least one selected from the group consisting of carbon black, graphene, and carbon nanotubes.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the active material particles are cathode active materials comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of LiCoO 2 , LiNiO 2 , LiMnO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4 , LiFePO 4 , LiMnPO 4 , LiFe x Mn 1−x PO 4 , LiNi x Mn y Co 1−x−y O 2 , Li 1+x Ni x Mn y Co z Al 1−x−y−z O 2 , Li 1+x Ni y Mn 1−x Co z O 2 , and Cu 2 ZnSn(S,Se) 4 .
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the active material particles are anode active materials comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of graphite, silicon, hard carbon and Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 .
9. A method for making a battery, comprising the steps of mixing active material particles, radiation curable resin precursors, and electrically conductive particles to create an electrode precursor mixture;
electrostatically spraying the electrode precursor mixture onto a current collector to provide an electrode preform, wherein electrostatically spraying is a solvent-free process;
calendering while heating with heated rollers the electrode preform such that the resin precursors melt and are pressed to surround and embed the active material particles and electrically conductive particles;
applying electron beam radiation having an energy of 100 kV-300 kV to the electrode preform to cure the radiation curable resin precursors into resin and to provide a finished first electrode;
providing a second electrode, a separator, and an electrolyte; and,
assembling the first electrode, second electrode, separator, and electrolyte into a battery.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the resin comprises an electron beam curable acrylated polyurethane.
11. The method of claim 9 , wherein the resin comprises an electron beam curable acrylated polyurethane.
12. The method of claim 9 , wherein the active material particles, the radiation curable resin precursors and electrically conductive particles are dry particles.