Rechargeable zinc/air batteries
A zinc-air battery having: a cathode, an anode, an electrolyte, a separator between the anode and the cathode, and a housing. The cathode includes: a cathode current collector and a composite having a porous carbon material, a porous cryptomelane-type MnOx material, a porous Ni y Fe 1-y Ox material, and a binder. The anode includes: a continuous network having metallic zinc and having metallic zinc bridges connecting metallic zinc particle cores and a continuous network of void space interpenetrating the zinc network. The electrolyte fills the void space in the anode, is in contact with the cathode, and permeates the composite without completely filling or obstructing a majority of the pores. The housing encloses the anode, the cathode, and the separator and exposes the composite to ambient air.
1. A zinc-air battery comprising:
a cathode comprising:
a cathode current collector; and
a composite comprising:
a porous carbon material;
a porous cryptomelane-type MnOx aerogel material;
a porous Ni y Fe 1-y Ox material; and
a binder;
an anode comprising:
a continuous network comprising metallic zinc and having metallic zinc bridges connecting metallic zinc particle cores; and
a continuous network of void space interpenetrating the zinc network;
an electrolyte that:
fills the void space in the anode;
is in contact with the cathode; and
permeates the composite without completely filling or obstructing a majority of the pores;
a separator between the anode and the cathode; and
a housing that encloses the anode, the cathode, and the separator and that exposes the composite to ambient air.
2. The zinc-air battery of claim 1 , wherein the carbon material comprises carbon black.
3. The zinc-air battery of claim 1 , wherein the Ni y Fe 1-y Ox material comprises Ni 0.33 Fe 0.67 Ox.
4. The zinc-air battery of claim 1 , wherein the Ni y Fe 1-y Ox material comprises Ni 0.75 Fe 0.25 Ox.
5. The zinc-air battery of claim 1 , wherein the MnOx material and the Ni y Fe 1-y Ox material are made by sol-gel processes.
6. The zinc-air battery of claim 1 , wherein the Ni y Fe 1-y Ox material is an aerogel.
7. The zinc-air battery of claim 1 , wherein the binder is poly(tetrafluoroethylene).
8. The zinc-air battery of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte is aqueous potassium hydroxide.
9. A circuit comprising:
the zinc-air battery of claim 1 ; and
an electrical load electrically attached to the anode and the cathode current collector.
10. A method comprising:
providing the circuit of claim 9 ;
exposing the composite to an oxygen-containing gas; and
allowing the load to draw a current from the battery by reduction of the oxygen and oxidation of the anode.
11. The method of claim 10 , further comprising:
applying a current to the anode and the cathode to recharge the battery.