High fatigue strength porous structure
A porous apparatus includes a first layer and a second layer. The second layer has a plurality of struts. At least some of the struts define a porous geometry defining a plurality of faces, at least one of the plurality of the faces at least partially confronting the first layer. Each face is bounded by intersecting struts at vertices. Less than all of the vertices of each face of the porous geometry at least partially confronting the first layer are connected by a strut to the first layer. A process of producing the at least partially porous structure includes depositing and scanning metal powder layers. At least some of the scanned metal powder layers form either one or both of a portion of a first section of the structure and a portion of a second section of the structure formed by at least the struts defining the porous geometry.
1. A method of producing a porous structure comprising the steps of:
depositing a first layer of a metal powder onto a substrate;
scanning a portion of the first metal powder layer with a high energy beam to form either one or both of a portion of a first section of the structure and a portion of a plurality of struts forming porous geometries of a second section of the structure, each of the porous geometries corresponding to respective single unit cells;
depositing successive layers of the metal powder onto respective previous metal powder layers; and
scanning the successive metal powder layers with the high energy beam so that the first section, a cellular layer including the plurality of struts defining the porous geometries of the second section of the structure, and an interface layer including attachment struts attaching some of the porous geometries of the cellular layer to the first section are formed,
wherein the plurality of struts of each of the porous geometries are attached to define vertices, and
wherein each vertex of the porous geometries attached to the first section by the interface layer is attached to the first section of the structure by only a single one of the attachment struts.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the high energy beam is an electron beam or a laser beam.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the section of the structure is solid.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the attachment struts extend in the same direction.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the attachment struts extend along axes extending through a central axis of the section.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the attachment struts have the same length.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the and second sections are made of a metal powder selected from the group consisting of titanium, titanium alloys, stainless steel, cobalt chrome alloys, tantalum and niobium.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the unit cells are in the form of an octahedron, a dodecahedron, or a tetrahedron.
9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of polishing the porous structure with a polishing material.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the polishing material is abrasive.
11. A method of producing a porous structure comprising the steps of:
depositing a first layer of a metal powder onto a substrate;
scanning a portion of the first metal powder layer with a high energy beam to form either one or both of a portion of a first section of the structure and a portion of a plurality of struts forming porous geometries of a second section of the structure;
depositing successive layers of the metal powder onto respective previous metal powder layers; and
scanning the successive metal powder layers with the high energy beam so that the section, a cellular layer including the plurality of struts defining the porous geometries of the second section of the structure, and an interface layer including attachment struts attaching some of the porous geometries of the cellular layer to the first section are formed,
wherein, following the scanning steps, each of the porous geometries correspond to respective single unit cells,
wherein the plurality of struts of each of the porous geometries is attached to define vertices, and
wherein each vertex of the porous geometries attached to the section by the interface layer is attached to the section of the structure by only a single one of the attachment struts, the attachment struts being longer than the struts of the porous geometries.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the unit cells are in the form of an octahedron, a dodecahedron, or a tetrahedron.
13. The method of claim 11 , wherein the section of the structure is solid.
14. A method of producing a porous structure comprising the steps of:
depositing a first layer of a metal powder onto a substrate;
scanning a portion of the first metal powder layer with a high energy beam to form either one or both of a portion of a first section of the structure and a portion of a plurality of struts forming porous geometries of a second section of the structure, each of the porous geometries corresponding to respective single unit cells;
depositing successive layers of the metal powder onto respective previous metal powder layers; and
scanning the successive metal powder layers with the high energy beam so that the section, a cellular layer including the plurality of struts defining the porous geometries of the second section of the structure, and an interface layer including attachment struts attaching some of the porous geometries of the cellular layer to the first section are formed,
wherein each of the porous geometries attached to the first section by the interface layer define a plurality of faces at least partially confronting the first section of the structure, each face being bounded by intersecting struts at vertices, and
wherein less than all of the vertices of each of the faces of the porous geometries at least partially confronting the first section of the structure are connected by a strut to the section of the structure, each such strut being one of the attachment struts.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the section of the structure is solid.
16. The method of claim 14 , further comprising the step of polishing an internal portion of the porous structure by directing a polishing material to flow through the interface layer.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the polishing material is abrasive.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the interface layer defines pores having a larger pore size than all pores defined by the cellular layer.
19. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of polishing an internal portion of the porous structure by directing a polishing material to flow through the interface layer.
20. The method of claim 11 , further comprising the step of polishing an internal portion of the porous structure by directing a polishing material to flow through the interface layer.