Method of identifying a P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) antagonist
Methods of identifying and using PSGL-1 antagonists are provided. Such methods include, but are not limited to, methods of treating cancer. PSGL-1 antagonists include, but are not limited to, antibodies that bind PSGL-1 and antibodies that bind VISTA, wherein the antibodies inhibit PSGL-1 binding to VISTA, e.g., at acidic pH (e.g., pH 6.0), as well as PSGL-1 and VISTA extracellular domain polypeptides.
1. A method of identifying a PSGL-1 antagonist, comprising:
a) forming a composition comprising a candidate molecule, a VISTA molecule, and a PSGL-1 molecule, wherein the VISTA molecule comprises VISTA, a VISTA ECD, or a VISTA ECD fusion molecule, and the PSGL-1 molecule comprises PSGL-1, PSGL-1 ECD, or a PSGL-1 ECD fusion molecule; and
b) detecting binding of the VISTA molecule to the PSGL-1 molecule;
wherein the composition has a pH in the range of pH 5.5 to pH 6.5, and wherein a reduction in the binding of the VISTA molecule to the PSGL-1 molecule in the presence of the candidate molecule as compared to the binding of the VISTA molecule to the PSGL-1 molecule in the absence of the candidate molecule indicates that the candidate molecule is a PSGL-1 antagonist wherein
the PSGL-1 ECD comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 95% identical to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3, 4, 16, 17, or 18, and the VISTA ECD comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 95% identical to the amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-202 of SEQ ID NO: 10.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the candidate molecule is selected from a PSGL-1 antibody and a VISTA antibody.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein binding of the VISTA molecule to the PSGL-1 molecule is reduced by at least 30% in the presence of the candidate molecule.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein binding of the VISTA molecule to the PSGL-1 molecule is detected by a method selected from surface plasmon resonance, ELISA, amplified luminescent proximity homogeneous assay, and flow cytometry.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the VISTA molecule is expressed on the surface of a cell.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the PSGL-1 molecule is expressed on the surface of a cell.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the candidate molecule is selected from a small molecule and a small peptide.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition has a pH of 6.0 to pH 6.5.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the composition has a pH of 6.0.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the PSGL-1 molecule is a PSGL-1 ECD or PSGL-1 ECD fusion protein, wherein the PSGL-1 ECD comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3, 4, 16, 17, or 18.
11. The method of claim 8 , wherein the PSGL-1 molecule is a PSGL-1 ECD or PSGL-1 ECD fusion protein, wherein the PSGL-1 ECD comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3, 4, 16, 17, or 18.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the VISTA molecule is a VISTA ECD or VISTA ECD fusion protein, wherein the VISTA ECD comprises the amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-202 of SEQ ID NO: 10 or comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9.
13. The method of claim 8 , wherein the VISTA molecule is a VISTA ECD or VISTA ECD fusion protein, wherein the VISTA ECD comprises the amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-202 of SEQ ID NO: 10 or comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the PSGL-1 molecule comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, 14, or 15.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the VISTA molecule comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5 or 6.
16. The method of claim 8 , wherein the PSGL-1 molecule comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, 14, or 15.
17. The method of claim 8 , wherein the VISTA molecule comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5 or 6.