Oligomerization of olefins
A process for olefin oligomerization can include: contacting a feedstock comprising at least one C 3 to C 20 olefin/paraffin under oligomerization conditions in the presence of a Si/Al ZSM-23 catalyst having no amine treatment and a Si/Al 2 molar ratio of 20 to 60 and/or a Si/Al/Ti ZSM-23 catalyst having no amine treatment, a Si/Al 2 molar ratio of 20 to 60, and a Ti/Al molar ratio of 0.1 to 3; and recovering an oligomeric product comprising dimers having a branching index of less than 2.1, trimers having a branching index of less than 2.1, and tetramers having a branching index of less than 2.1.
1. A process for olefin oligomerization, the process comprising:
contacting a feedstock comprising at least one C 3 to C 20 olefin/paraffin under oligomerization conditions in the presence of a Si/Al ZSM-23 catalyst having no amine treatment and a Si/Al 2 molar ratio of 20 to 60 and/or a Si/Al/Ti ZSM-23 catalyst having no amine treatment, a Si/Al 2 molar ratio of 20 to 60, and a Ti/Al molar ratio of 0.1 to 3; and
recovering an oligomeric product comprising dimers having a branching index of less than 2.1, trimers having a branching index of less than 2.1, and tetramers having a branching index of less than 2.1.
2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the at least one C 3 to C 20 olefin/paraffin comprises at least one C 3 to C 5 olefin/paraffin at a concentration of at least 40 wt % of the at least one C 3 to C 20 olefin/paraffin.
3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the oligomeric product comprises dimers at 25 wt % to 75 wt %, trimers at 25 wt % to 50 wt %, and tetramers at 0 wt % to 25 wt %.
4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the oligomeric product comprises dimers at 35 wt % to 75 wt %, trimers at 25 wt % to 45 wt %, and tetramers at 5 wt % to 15 wt %.
5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the oligomeric product comprises dimers at 50 wt % to 75 wt %, trimers at 25 wt % to 35 wt %, and tetramers at 0 wt % to 10 wt %.
6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the at least one C 3 to C 20 olefin/paraffin comprises C 3 olefins/paraffins at a concentration of at least 40 wt % of the at least one C 3 to C 20 olefin/paraffin.
7. The process of claim 6 , wherein the oligomeric product comprises 25 wt % to 75 wt % C 6 oligomer, 25 wt % to 50 wt % C 9 oligomer, and 0 wt % to 25 wt % C 12 oligomer.
8. The process of claim 1 , wherein the at least one C 3 to C 20 olefin/paraffin comprises C 4 olefins/paraffins at a concentration of at least 40 wt % of the at least one C 3 to C 20 olefin/paraffin.
9. The process of claim 8 , wherein the oligomeric product comprises 25 wt % to 75 wt % C 8 oligomer, 25 wt % to 50 wt % C 12 oligomer, and 0 wt % to 25 wt % C 16 oligomer.
10. The process of claim 1 , wherein the at least one C 3 to C 20 olefin/paraffin comprises C 5 olefins/paraffins at a concentration of at least 40 wt % of the at least one C 3 to C 20 olefin/paraffin.
11. The process of claim 10 , wherein the oligomeric product comprises 25 wt % to 75 wt % C 10 oligomer, 25 wt % to 50 wt % C 15 oligomer, and 0 wt % to 25 wt % C 10 oligomer.
12. The process of claim 1 , wherein the oligomeric product comprises 0 wt % to 1 wt % of pentamers and higher oligomers.
13. The process of claim 1 , wherein the process further comprises treating the Si/Al ZSM-23 catalyst and/or the Si/Al/Ti ZSM-23 catalyst before contacting with the feedstock, wherein the treatment is selected from the group consisting of steaming, acid washing, depositing coke, and any combination thereof.
14. The process of claim 1 , wherein the Si/Al ZSM-23 catalyst and/or the Si/Al/Ti ZSM-23 catalyst is an extrudate comprising a binder at 1 wt % to 90 wt % and the catalyst at 10 wt % to 99 wt %.
15. The process of claim 1 , wherein the oligomerization conditions are a temperature of 170° C. to 270° C. and a weight hourly space velocity of 5 hr −1 to 30 hr −1 .
16. The process of claim 1 , wherein the oligomerization conditions are a temperature of 170° C. to 190° C. and a weight hourly space velocity of 5 hr −1 to 10 hr −1 .
17. The process of claim 1 , wherein the oligomerization conditions are a temperature of 190° C. to 210° C. and a weight hourly space velocity of 10 hr −1 to 15 hr −1 .
18. The process of claim 1 , wherein the oligomerization conditions are a temperature of 210° C. to 270° C. and a weight hourly space velocity of 15 hr −1 to 30 hr −1 .
19. The process of claim 1 , wherein the branching index is 1.0 to 1.5.
20. The process of claim 1 further comprising:
converting the oligomer product to aldehydes and/or alcohols.
21. The process of claim 1 further comprising:
converting the oligomer product to alcohols;
converting the oligomer product and alcohols to surfactants; and
converting the alcohols to surfactants.