Assay for the detection of alpha-synuclein seeding activity associated with synucleinopathies
Methods are disclosed for determining whether a subject has a synucleinopathy. Methods are also disclosed for detecting misfolded alpha synuclein (αSyn) in a biological sample or fraction thereof. These methods include the use of an αSyn seeding assay.
1. A method of determining whether a subject has a synucleinopathy, comprising:
A) performing an alpha synuclein (αSyn) seeding assay on a biological sample, or fraction thereof, from the subject, comprising:
i) contacting the biological sample or a fraction thereof with a soluble mutated recombinant alpha synuclein (rαSyn) to form a reaction mixture, wherein the soluble mutated rαSyn comprises SEQ ID NO: 1 comprising at least one point mutation, wherein the at least one point mutation comprises K23Q;
ii) incubating the reaction mixture to permit coaggregation of misfolded αSyn aggregates present in the biological sample or fraction thereof with the mutated rαSyn;
iii) maintaining incubation conditions that promote coaggregation of the mutated rαSyn with the misfolded αSyn aggregates to result in a conversion of the soluble mutated rαSyn to mutated rαSyn aggregates while inhibiting spontaneous aggregation of soluble mutant rαSyn; and
iv) agitating mutated rαSyn aggregates formed during step iii), wherein the conditions comprise shaking the reaction mixture in a shaking cycle, wherein each shaking cycle comprises a period of rest and a period of shaking; and
B) detecting misfolded mutated rαSyn aggregates in the reaction mixture, and wherein detection of misfolded mutated rαSyn aggregates in the reaction mixture indicates that the subject has the synucleinopathy.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the soluble mutated rαSyn comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5 or 6.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject is a human, and wherein the synucleinopathy is Parkinson disease, Lewy body dementia, or multiple system atrophy.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reaction mixture of step i) further comprises a detectable label.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein detecting misfolded mutated rαSyn aggregates comprises the use of fluorescence or thioflavin T (ThT).
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biological sample is a nasal brushing, saliva, skin, blood, serum, plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, feces, urine or tissue sample.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein agitating mutated rαSyn aggregates in step (iv) comprises agitating aggregates in the absence of sonication.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the period of rest and the period of shaking are substantially equal in the shaking cycle in step (iv); and/or
the shaking cycle in step (iv) is 20 to 180 seconds in length.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the incubating comprises incubating a temperature of about 30 to about 55° C.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the incubating comprises incubating with 0-0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reaction mixture comprises 1 to 10 beads per 100 μl.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the beads are about 0.5 mm to about 3 mm in diameter.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the rαSyn is purified by elution from a column comprising an immobilized metal ion using between about 10 mM and about 500 mM imidazole, and/or wherein the rαSyn is purified by anion exchange chromatography.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fraction of the biological sample is utilized in the method.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the fraction is prepared by a purification method that comprises:
a) contacting the biological sample with iron oxide particles; and
b) collecting the iron oxide particles, thereby preparing the fraction.
16. A method for detecting misfolded alpha synuclein (αSyn) in a biological sample or fraction thereof comprising:
(A) mixing the biological sample or a fraction thereof with a purified soluble mutated recombinant αSyn (rαSyn) to make a reaction mix, wherein the soluble mutated rαSyn comprises SEQ ID NO: 1 comprising at least one point mutation, wherein the t least one point mutation comprises K23Q;
(B) performing an amplification reaction comprising:
(i) incubating the reaction mix to permit coaggregation of the soluble mutated rαSyn with misfolded αSyn that may be present in the reaction mix, and maintaining incubation conditions that promote coaggregation of the soluble mutated rαSyn with the misfolded αSyn and result in a conversion of the soluble mutated rαSyn to misfolded rαSyn aggregates initiated by the presence of misfolded αSyn in the sample, while inhibiting development of spontaneously arising rαSyn aggregates; and
(ii) agitating aggregates formed during step (i), in shaking cycles, wherein each shaking cycle of the shaking cycles comprises a period of rest and a period of shaking, wherein agitating is performed in the absence of sonication; and
(c) detecting misfolded rαSyn aggregates in the reaction mix, and detection of misfolded rαSyn in the reaction mix indicates that misfolded αSyn was present in the biological sample or fraction thereof.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the reaction mix of step (A) further comprises a detectable label.
18. The method of claim 16 , wherein the soluble mutated rαSyn comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5 or 6.
19. The method of claim 16 , wherein detecting misfolded mutated rαSyn aggregates comprises the use of fluorescence or thioflavin T (ThT).
20. The method of claim 16 , wherein the biological sample is from a human.
21. The method of claim 16 , wherein the biological sample is a nasal brushing, saliva, skin, blood, serum, plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, feces, urine or tissue sample.
22. The method of claim 16 , wherein:
the period of rest and the period of shaking are substantially equal in the shaking cycle in step (ii).
23. The method of claim 16 , wherein the amplification reaction is performed at temperature of about 30 to about 55° C.
24. The method of claim 16 , wherein the amplification reaction comprises 0-0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate.
25. The method of claim 16 , wherein the presence of misfolded αSyn indicates that the subject has a synucleinopathy.
26. The method of claim 25 , wherein the synucleinopathy is Parkinson disease, Lewy body dementia, or multiple system atrophy.
27. The method of claim 16 , wherein the reaction mix comprises 1 to 10 beads per 100 μl.
28. The method of claim 27 , wherein the beads are about 0.5 mm to about 3 mm in diameter.
29. The method of claim 16 , wherein the rαSyn is purified by elution from a column comprising an immobilized metal ion using between about 10 mM and about 500 mM imidazole, and/or wherein the rαSyn is purified by anion exchange chromatography.
30. The method of claim 16 , wherein the fraction of the biological sample is utilized in the method.
31. The method of claim 30 , wherein the fraction is prepared by a purification method that comprises:
a) contacting the biological sample with iron oxide particles; and
b) collecting the iron oxide particles, thereby preparing the fraction.