Steel for press hardening and press hardened part manufactured from such steel
A process for manufacturing a press hardened steel part is provided. The steel of the part has a chemical composition including, in weight: 0.062%≤C≤0.095%, 1.4%≤Mn≤1.9%, 0.2%≤Si≤0.5%, 0.020%≤Al≤0.070%, 0.02%≤Cr≤0.1%, wherein: 1.5%≤(C+Mn+Si+Cr)≤2.7%, 0.040%≤Nb≤0.060%, 3.4×N≤Ti≤8×N wherein: 0.044%≤(Nb+Ti)≤0.090%, 0.0005≤B≤0.004%, 0.001%≤N≤0.009%, 0.0005%≤S≤0.003%, 0.001%≤P≤0.020%, optionally: 0.0001%≤Ca≤0.003%, and the remainder being Fe and unavoidable impurities. The process includes hot forming the heated blank in the forming press so as to obtain a formed part and cooling the formed part at a cooling rate CR1 between 40 and 360°C/s in a temperature range from 750 to 450°C. and at a cooling rate CR2 between 15 to 150°C/s in a temperature range from 450°C to 250°C. wherein CR2<CR1.
1. A process for manufacturing a press hardened steel part comprising the successive steps of:
providing a steel semi-product with a composition including, by weight:
0.062≤C≤0.095%;
1.4%≤Mn≤1.9%;
0.2%≤Si≤0.5%;
0.020%≤Al≤0.070%;
0.02%≤Cr≤0.1%;
wherein: 1.5%≤(C+Mn+Si+Cr)≤2.7%;
0.040%≤Nb≤0.060%;
3.4×N≤Ti≤8×N;
wherein: 0.044%≤(Nb+Ti)≤0.090%;
0.0005≤B≤0.004%;
0.001%≤N≤0.009%;
0.0005%≤S≤0.003%;
0.001%≤P≤0.020%; and
a remainder being Fe and unavoidable impurities;
hot rolling the steel semi-product to obtain a hot rolled steel sheet;
coiling the hot rolled steel sheet at a coiling temperature Tc comprised between 550° C. and Ms, Ms being a martensitic transformation start temperature of the steel sheet, so as to obtain a coiled steel sheet;
optionally cold rolling the coiled steel sheet;
annealing the steel sheet at an annealing temperature Ta in order to obtain less than 10% of unrecrystallized area fraction, so as to obtain an annealed steel sheet;
cutting the annealed steel sheet to a predetermined shape, so as to obtain a blank;
heating the blank with a heating device and holding the blank at a temperature Tm between 890 and 950° C., a holding duration Dm at the temperature being between 1 and 10 minutes, so as to obtain a heated blank;
extracting said heated blank from the heating device and transferring said heated blank within a forming press, the transfer duration Dt being less than 10 s;
hot forming the heated blank in the forming press so as to obtain a formed part;
cooling the formed part at a first cooling rate CR1 between 40 and 360° C/s in a temperature range between 750 and 450° C., and then at a second cooling rate CR2 between 15 to 150° C/s in a temperature range between 450° C. and 250° C., wherein CR2 <CR1.
2. The process for manufacturing a press hardened steel part according to claim 1 , wherein the coiled steel sheet is cold rolled with a rolling ratio between 50 and 80%.
3. The process for manufacturing a press hardened steel part according to claim 1 , wherein the annealing temperature Ta is between 800 and 850° C.
4. The process for manufacturing a press hardened steel part according to claim 1 , wherein the annealing temperature Ta is between 800 and 835° C.
5. The process for manufacturing a press hardened steel part according to claim 1 , wherein the blank is cold formed before heating the blank at the temperature Tm.
6. The process for manufacturing a press hardened steel part according to claim 1 , wherein the hot forming is performed with a deformation quantity ε c higher than 0.15 in at least one hot deformed zone of the part.
7. The process for manufacturing a press hardened steel part according to claim 1 , wherein the annealed steel sheet is precoated with a metallic precoating before cutting the annealed steel blank to a predetermined shape.
8. The process for manufacturing a press hardened steel part according to claim 1 , wherein the holding duration Dm is between 1 and 6 minutes.
9. The process for manufacturing a press hardened steel part according to claim 1 , wherein modes and quantities of deformation during the hot forming differ from one zone to another of the heated blank.
10. The process for manufacturing a press hardened steel part according to claim 7 , wherein the metallic precoating is zinc, or zinc-based alloy, or zinc alloy.
11. The process for manufacturing a press hardened steel part according to claim 7 , wherein the metallic precoating is aluminum, or aluminum-based alloy, or aluminum alloy.
12. The process for manufacturing a press hardened steel part according to claim 7 , wherein the metallic precoating comprises at least one intermetallic layer containing A1 and iron, and optionally silicon, and wherein the metallic precoating contains neither free A1, nor τ 5 phase of Fe 3 Si 2 Al 12 type, nor τ 6 phase of Fe 2 Si 2 Al 9 .
13. The process for manufacturing a press hardened steel part according to claim 7 , wherein the metallic precoating comprises a layer of aluminum or an aluminum-based alloy or an aluminum alloy, topped by a layer of zinc or zinc-based alloy or a zinc alloy.
14. The process for manufacturing a press hardened steel part according to claim 9 , comprising deforming zones of the heated blank with an equivalent strain ε b higher than 0.15.
15. The process for manufacturing a press hardened steel part according to claim 14 , wherein an average bainitic/martensitic lath size width in the zones deformed at the equivalent strain ε b is less than 1 μm.
16. The process for manufacturing a press hardened steel part according to claim 15 , further comprising deforming a zone of the heated blank at a strain ε b less than 0.05.
17. The process for manufacturing a press hardened steel part according to claim 16 , wherein an average bainitic/martensitic lath size width of the zone deformed at the strain ε b less than 0.05 is between 1 and 2.5 μm.