Negative electrode active material, negative electrode comprising the negative electrode active material, and secondary battery comprising the negative electrode
A negative electrode active material which includes a secondary particle including first primary particles, wherein the first primary particle includes a core including SiO x , wherein 0≤x<2, an intermediate layer which covers at least a portion of a surface of the core and includes silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, or a mixture thereof, and a carbon coating layer which covers at least a portion of the intermediate layer and includes nitrogen-doped carbon, and a negative electrode and a lithium secondary battery which include the same.
1. A negative electrode active material, comprising:
a secondary particle, comprising first primary particles,
wherein the first primary particles comprise
a core comprising SiO x , wherein 0≤x<2;
an intermediate layer which covers at least a portion of a surface of the core and comprises silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, or a mixture thereof; and
a carbon coating layer which covers at least a portion of the intermediate layer and comprises nitrogen-doped carbon,
wherein, in the carbon coating layer, the nitrogen is included in an amount of 0.05 wt % to 3.2 wt % based on a total weight of the carbon coating layer.
2. The negative electrode active material of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the core, the intermediate layer, and the carbon coating layer of the primary particle comprises a metal compound.
3. The negative electrode active material of claim 2 , wherein the metal compound comprises at least one of metal oxide and metal silicate.
4. The negative electrode active material of claim 3 , wherein the metal compound comprises the metal oxide, wherein said metal oxide comprises an oxide of at least one selected from the group consisting of lithium (Li), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), calcium (Ca), and titanium (Ti).
5. The negative electrode active material of claim 3 , wherein the metal compound comprises the metal silicate, wherein said metal silicate comprises a silicate of at least one selected from the group consisting of Li, Mg, Al, Ca, and Ti.
6. The negative electrode active material of claim 2 , wherein the metal compound is included in the first primary particles in an amount of 1 wt % to 60 wt % based on a total weight of the core.
7. The negative electrode active material of claim 1 , wherein, in addition to the first primary particles, the secondary particle further comprises
metal compound-doped primary particles which comprise
a core comprising SiO x , wherein 0≤x<2;
an intermediate layer which covers at least a portion of a surface of the core and comprises silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, or a mixture thereof; and
a carbon coating layer which covers at least a portion of the intermediate layer and comprises nitrogen-doped carbon,
wherein at least one of the core, the intermediate layer, and the carbon coating layer of the metal compound-doped primary particles comprises a metal compound,
wherein, in the carbon coating layer, the nitrogen is included in an amount of 0.05 wt % to 3.2 wt % based on a total weight of the carbon coating layer.
8. The negative electrode active material of claim 7 , wherein the secondary particle comprises the first primary particles and the metal compound-doped primary particles in a weight ratio of 10:90 to 90:10.
9. The negative electrode active material of claim 1 , wherein the core has an average particle diameter (D 50 ) of 0.1 μm to 100 μm.
10. The negative electrode active material of claim 1 , wherein the intermediate layer has a thickness of 1 nm to 100 nm.
11. The negative electrode active material of claim 1 , wherein the carbon coating layer has a thickness of 1 nm to 100 nm.
12. The negative electrode active material of claim 1 , wherein a weight ratio of the intermediate layer to the carbon coating layer is in a range of 1:99 to 20:80.
13. A negative electrode comprising the negative electrode active material of claim 1 .
14. A secondary battery comprising:
the negative electrode of claim 13 ;
a positive electrode;
a separator disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode; and
an electrolyte.