Breathing training, monitoring and/or assistance device

1. A device, comprising:

a housing which defines a mouthpiece;

a sensor arrangement configured to sense breathing characteristics of a user;

an input configured to receive external data, wherein the external data relates to one or more of:

environmental conditions in which the device is being used;

activity information in respect of the user;

physiological sensor data about the user which is not related to the breathing characteristics; and

an identification of any medical assistance devices being used by the user;

a controller configured to generate a control signal to implement feedback control and control timing at which output information is provided, based on a prediction of when the output information is most suitable, taking into account the external data; and

an output indicator configured to:

provide the output information relating to breathing instructions or exercises and taking into account the sensed breathing characteristics and the external data, wherein the output information is used to provide feedback to the user and wherein the device includes feedback control of a controlled pressure from a pressure source to provide a positive expiratory end pressure, wherein the feedback control is based at least in part on a position of a user controlled valve, and

display at least one of a time at which exercises or training is to take place and a nature of exercises and corresponding targets to be set for the user.

2. The device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the environmental conditions comprise one or more of:

temperature;

time of day;

weather conditions;

air humidity;

air quality;

location;

noise levels; and

speed of movement.

3. The device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the activity information comprises one or more of:

a current activity level of the user;

a past activity level of the user; and

a future activity schedule of the user.

4. The device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the physiological sensor data represents one or more of:

sleep quality information;

a blood oxygen saturation level;

a heart rate; and

a stress or anxiety level.

5. The device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the sensor arrangement is further configured to measure at least one of a breathing volume, a breathing amplitude, a breathing frequency, or a breathing pattern.

6. The device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the output information is further configured to indicate adherence to breathing exercises, correct breathing performance, or advisory timing information relating to timing at which breathing assistance is to be provided.

7. The device as claimed in claim 6 , wherein the output information is to provide an instruction to exhale for a particular time period which takes into account a reference breathing pattern for the user.

8. The device as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising:

a connector configured to receive a portable source of pressurized gas, and provide gas to the user at a pressure above atmospheric pressure.

9. A system comprising:

the device as claimed in claim 1 ; and

a portable display device configured to provide breathing exercise or training instructions to the user.

10. A method of providing breathing training using a portable breathing training device, comprising:

providing, via the portable breathing training device, instructions to a user;

sensing, via the portable breathing training device, breathing characteristics of the user during exercises or training;

receiving, via the portable breathing training device, external data, wherein the external data relates to one or more of:

environmental conditions in which the device is being used;

activity information in respect of the user;

physiological sensor data about the user which is not related to the breathing characteristics; and

an indicator of any medical assistance devices being used by the user;

generating, via the portable breathing training device, a control signal to implement feedback control;

controlling timing at which output information is provided by the portable breathing training device, based on a prediction of when the output information is most suitable, taking into account the external data; and

displaying, via the portable breathing training device, the output information relating to breathing instructions or exercises taking into account the sensed breathing characteristics and the external data, wherein the output information is used to provide feedback to the user, thereby tailoring a breathing exercise or training program, the output information comprising at least one of a time at which exercises or training is to take place and a nature of exercises and associated targets to be set for the user, and

providing, via the portable breathing training device, feedback control of a controlled pressure from a pressure source to provide a positive expiratory end pressure, wherein the feedback control is based at least in part on a position of a user controlled valve.

11. The method as claimed in claim 10 , wherein the environmental conditions comprise one or more of:

temperature;

time of day;

weather conditions;

air humidity;

air quality;

location;

noise levels; and

speed of movement, and wherein the activity information comprises one or more of:

a current activity level of the user;

a past activity level of the user; and

a future activity schedule of the user.

12. The method as claimed in claim 10 , wherein the physiological sensor data represents one or more of:

sleep quality information;

a blood oxygen saturation level;

a heart rate; and

a stress or anxiety level.

13. The method as claimed in claim 10 , wherein the output information is further configured to indicate adherence to breathing exercises, correct breathing performance, or advisory timing information relating to the timing at which breathing assistance is to be provided.

14. The method as claimed in claim 10 , further comprising:

displaying the output information by displaying advancement toward a goal.

15. The method as claimed in claim 10 , wherein the device is configured to provide positive end pressure support during both exhalation and inhalation.

16. The method as claimed in claim 10 , wherein the device is configured to provide adaptive positive expiratory end pressure (PEEP) and positive inspiratory pressure (PIP) settings.