Cooling system with flexible evaporating temperature
A cooling system implements various processes to improve efficiency in high ambient temperatures. First, the system can flood one or more low side heat exchangers in the system. Second, the system can direct a portion of vapor refrigerant from a low side heat exchanger to a flash tank rather than to a compressor. Third, the system can transfer heat from refrigerant at a compressor suction to refrigerant at the discharge of a high side heat exchanger.
1. An apparatus comprising:
a high side heat exchanger configured to remove heat from a refrigerant;
a first ejector configured to receive refrigerant from the high side heat exchanger;
a flash tank configured to store refrigerant, the first ejector further configured to direct refrigerant from the high side heat exchanger to the flash tank;
a first low side heat exchanger configured to use refrigerant from the flash tank to cool a first space;
a first separator configured to receive refrigerant from the first low side heat exchanger, the refrigerant from the first low side heat exchanger comprising a first liquid portion and a first vapor portion;
a second low side heat exchanger configured to use refrigerant from the flash tank to cool a second space;
a second separator configured to receive refrigerant from the second low side heat exchanger, the refrigerant from the second low side heat exchanger comprising a second liquid portion and a second vapor portion;
an accumulator configured to receive the first liquid portion and the second liquid portion, the accumulator further configured to separate refrigerant within the accumulator into a third liquid portion and a third vapor portion;
a first valve configured to open to direct the first vapor portion to the first ejector, the first ejector further configured to direct the first vapor portion to the flash tank, the first valve further configured to close to direct the first vapor portion to the accumulator;
a second valve configured to open to direct the second vapor portion to the first ejector, the first ejector further configured to direct the second vapor portion to the flash tank, the second valve further configured to close to direct the second vapor portion to the accumulator; and
a compressor configured to compress the third vapor portion from the accumulator.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a second ejector configured to direct refrigerant from the high side heat exchanger and the third vapor portion to the flash tank.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:
the first low side heat exchanger is configured to cool the first space to a first temperature; and
the second low side heat exchanger is configured to cool the second space to a second temperature, the second temperature lower than the first temperature, the first valve configured to open when the second temperature is lower than the first temperature, the second valve configured to close when the second temperature is lower than the first temperature.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a heat exchanger configured to transfer heat from the third vapor portion to the refrigerant from the high side heat exchanger.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 , the accumulator further configured to receive a flash gas from the flash tank.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a check valve configured to direct the first liquid portion to the accumulator.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising an oil separator configured to separate an oil from the refrigerant from the compressor.
8. A method comprising:
removing, by a high side heat exchanger, heat from a refrigerant;
receiving, by a first ejector, refrigerant from the high side heat exchanger;
storing, by a flash tank, refrigerant;
directing, by the first ejector, refrigerant from the high side heat exchanger to the flash tank;
using, by a first low side heat exchanger, refrigerant from the flash tank to cool a first space;
receiving, by a first separator, refrigerant from the first low side heat exchanger, the refrigerant from the first low side heat exchanger comprising a first liquid portion and a first vapor portion;
using, by a second low side heat exchanger, refrigerant from the flash tank to cool a second space;
receiving, by a second separator, refrigerant from the second low side heat exchanger, the refrigerant from the second low side heat exchanger comprising a second liquid portion and a second vapor portion;
receiving, by an accumulator, the first liquid portion and the second liquid portion;
during a first mode of operation:
opening a first valve to direct the first vapor portion to the first ejector;
directing, by the first ejector, the first vapor portion to the flash tank; and
closing a second valve to direct the second vapor portion to the accumulator;
during a second mode of operation:
closing the first valve further to direct the first vapor portion to the accumulator;
opening the second valve to direct the second vapor portion to the first ejector; and
directing, by the first ejector, the second vapor portion to the flash tank;
separating, by the accumulator, refrigerant within the accumulator into a third liquid portion and a third vapor portion; and
compressing, by a compressor, the third vapor portion from the accumulator.
9. The method of claim 8 , further comprising directing, by a second ejector, refrigerant from the high side heat exchanger and the third vapor portion to the flash tank.
10. The method of claim 8 , wherein:
the first space is cooled to a first temperature; and
the second space is cooled to a second temperature, the second temperature lower than the first temperature, the first mode of operation occurs when the second temperature is lower than the first temperature.
11. The method of claim 8 , further comprising transferring, by a heat exchanger, heat from the third vapor portion to the refrigerant from the high side heat exchanger.
12. The method of claim 8 , receiving, by the accumulator, a flash gas from the flash tank.
13. The method of claim 8 , further comprising directing, by a check valve, the first liquid portion to the accumulator.
14. The method of claim 8 , further comprising separating, by an oil separator, an oil from the refrigerant from the compressor.
15. A system comprising:
a high side heat exchanger configured to remove heat from a refrigerant;
a first ejector configured to receive refrigerant from the high side heat exchanger;
a flash tank configured to store refrigerant, the first ejector further configured to direct refrigerant from the high side heat exchanger to the flash tank;
a first low side heat exchanger configured to use refrigerant from the flash tank to cool a first space;
a first separator configured to receive refrigerant from the first low side heat exchanger, the refrigerant from the first low side heat exchanger comprising a first liquid portion and a first vapor portion;
a second low side heat exchanger configured to use refrigerant from the flash tank to cool a second space;
a second separator configured to receive refrigerant from the second low side heat exchanger, the refrigerant from the second low side heat exchanger comprising a second liquid portion and a second vapor portion;
an accumulator configured to:
receive the first liquid portion and the second liquid portion; and
separate refrigerant within the accumulator into a third liquid portion and a third vapor portion;
a first valve;
a second valve, during a first mode of operation:
the first valve configured to open to direct the first vapor portion to the first ejector;
the first ejector further configured to direct the first vapor portion to the flash tank; and
the second valve configured to close to direct the second vapor portion to the accumulator;
during a second mode of operation:
the first valve further configured to close to direct the first vapor portion to the accumulator;
the second valve further configured to open to direct the second vapor portion to the first ejector; and
the first ejector further configured to direct the second vapor portion to the flash tank; and
a compressor configured to compress the third vapor portion from the accumulator.
16. The system of claim 15 , further comprising a second ejector configured to direct refrigerant from the high side heat exchanger and the third vapor portion to the flash tank.
17. The system of claim 15 , wherein:
the first low side heat exchanger is configured to cool the first space to a first temperature; and
the second low side heat exchanger is configured to cool the second space to a second temperature, the first mode of operation occurring when the first temperature is lower than the second temperature.
18. The system of claim 15 , further comprising a heat exchanger configured to transfer heat from the third vapor portion to the refrigerant from the high side heat exchanger.
19. The system of claim 15 , the accumulator further configured to receive a flash gas from the flash tank.
20. The system of claim 15 , further comprising a check valve configured to direct the first liquid portion to the accumulator.