Methods and devices for contrast agent magnetic resonance imaging

1. A method for detecting lesion tissue using contrast agent magnetic resonance imaging (“MRI”), comprising:

simulating a plurality of relationships between an image quality metric and one or more imaging parameters;

selecting a first set of imaging parameters to optimize the image quality metric of a first image that is acquired before administration of contrast agent;

selecting a second set of imaging parameters to optimize a lesion enhancement metric or a detection sensitivity metric of a second image that is acquired after administration of contrast agent;

selecting an image acquisition time for the second image to maximize the lesion enhancement metric or the detection sensitivity metric;

acquiring the first image before administration of contrast agent using the selected first set of imaging parameters;

acquiring the second image after administration of contrast agent at the selected image acquisition time using the selected second set of imaging parameters, wherein the first set of imaging parameters are different than the second set of imaging parameters; and

generating a combined image from the first image and the second image.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first image and the second image are acquired using the same MRI sequence, or wherein the first image and the second image are acquired using different MRI sequences.

3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the MRI sequence comprises at least one of gradient echo, spin echo, gradient echo train, or spin echo train acquisition with or without magnetization preparation and/or specific tissue suppression.

4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the MRI sequence comprises at least one of 2-dimensional acquisition or 3-dimensional acquisition.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more imaging parameters comprise at least one of a repetition time (“TR”), echo time (“TE”), variable flip angle, variable refocusing angle, magnetization preparation pulses, fat saturation pulses, inversion times, radiofrequency (“RF”) bandwidth, echo train length, echo space time, slab number, or readout radiofrequency (“RF”) number.

6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising estimating the image quality metric from at least one image.

7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:

receiving one or more MRI scanner settings; and

receiving one or more magnetic resonance (“MR”) parameters for lesion tissue with and/or without contrast agent, wherein simulating the plurality of relationships between the image quality metric and the one or more imaging parameters is based on at least one of the one or more MRI scanner settings or the one or more MR parameters.

8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the one or more MRI scanner settings comprise at least one of MRI sequence, static field strength, spatial-resolution, radiofrequency (“RF”) bandwidth, echo space time, parallel acquisition, saturation, or magnetization preparation.

9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the image quality metric comprises at least one of lesion location, lesion border delineation, lesion morphology, contrast or contrast efficiency between lesion tissue and healthy tissue, contrast-to-noise ratio (“CNR”) or CNR efficiency between lesion tissue and healthy tissue, signal intensity, signal intensity efficiency, or image artifact.

10. The method of claim 1 , wherein optimizing the image quality metric comprises at least one of:

optimizing a contrast metric between lesion tissue and healthy tissue;

minimizing image artifact; or

optimizing a signal intensity of lesion tissue.

11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the lesion enhancement metric comprises a change in signal intensity of lesion tissue between the first image and the second image.

12. The method of claim 1 , wherein optimizing the lesion enhancement metric comprises maximizing the lesion enhancement metric.

13. The method of claim 1 , further comprising optimizing a k-space strategy for acquiring the first image or the second image.

14. The method of claim 1 , further comprising optimizing an acquisition train length of an MRI sequence for acquiring the first image or the second image.

15. The method of claim 1 , further comprising using the combined image for medical diagnostics or medical treatment.

16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the combined image is used for medical treatment, the method further comprising providing a visualization and localization of healthy tissue adjacent to lesion tissue to avoid damaging the healthy tissue during the medical treatment.

17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the image acquisition time comprises a start time of acquisition and an acquisition duration time.

18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the lesion tissue comprises at least one of tumor, multiple sclerosis, inflammation disease, infection disease, stroke, traumatic nerve injury, stroke, vascular disease, or musculoskeletal disease.

19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the contrast agent comprises at least one physiologically acceptable paramagnetic substance, superparamagnetic substance, or ferromagnetic substance, or wherein the contrast agent comprises at least one of a magnetic small-molecule-based compound, a magnetic large-molecule-based compound, or a magnetic nanoparticle-based compound.

20. The method of claim 1 , wherein the combined image is generated by:

detecting a lesion in the second image,

registering the first image and the second image,

extracting the detected lesion from the second image, and

overlaying the detected lesion onto the first image to form the combined image.