Method for detecting motor initial phase and phase sequence and system for controlling permanent-magnet synchronous motor

1. A method for detecting an initial phase and a phase sequence in a permanent magnet synchronous motor control system comprising a motor to be detected and an encoder coaxially connected to a rotor of the motor, comprising the steps of:

acquiring through the encoder the following displacement data of the rotor sequentially:

first displacement data which register the rotor's position at a Q-axis after the rotor spins from an initial position to the Q-axis;

second displacement data which register the rotor's position at a D-axis after the rotor spins from the Q-axis to the D-axis;

third displacement data which register the rotor's position at a negative Q-axis after the rotor spins from the D-axis to the negative Q-axis; and

fourth displacement data which register the rotor's position at the D-axis after the rotor spins from the negative Q-axis to the D-axis;

obtaining the initial phase of the motor based on the second displacement data, the fourth displacement data and the encoder's CPR (counts per revolution); and

determining phase sequence of the motor based on the first displacement data, the second displacement data and the encoder's CPR.

2. The method in claim 1 , wherein the determining step includes:

calculating a first difference between the first displacement data and the second displacement data;

comparing the first difference with a positive or negative value of half of the encoder's CPR; and

determining the phase sequence of the motor based on an outcome of the comparing step.

3. The method in claim 2 , wherein:

if the first difference is greater than zero but less than the positive value of half of the encoder's CPR, then the motor is wired in a positive phase sequence;

if the first difference is both less than zero and less than the negative value of half of the encoder's CPR, then motor is wired in a positive phase sequence;

if the first difference is less than zero but greater than the negative value of half of the encoder's CPR, then motor is wired in a negative phase sequence; and

if the first difference is both greater than zero and greater than the positive value of half of the encoder's CPR, then motor is wired in a negative phase sequence.

4. The method in claim 3 , wherein the acquiring step includes:

initiating a Q-axis current control stage for moving the rotor towards the Q-axis;

acquiring the first displacement data through the encoder when the rotor arrives at the Q-axis;

initiating a D-axis current control stage for moving the rotor towards the D-axis;

acquiring the second displacement data through the encoder when the rotor arrives at the D-axis;

initiating a negative Q-axis current control stage for moving the rotor towards the negative Q-axis;

acquiring the third displacement data through the encoder when the rotor arrives at the negative Q-axis;

initiating the D-axis current control stage for moving the rotor towards the D-axis; and

acquiring the fourth displacement data through the encoder when the rotor arrives at the D-axis.

5. The method in claim 4 , wherein:

the Q-axis current control stage is initiated by executing a closed-loop Q-axis current instruction in a current closed-loop control mode;

the Q-axis current instruction is a ramp current signal;

the D-axis current control stage is initiated by executing a closed-loop D-axis current instruction in a current closed-loop control mode;

the D-axis current instruction is a ramp current signal;

the negative Q-axis current control stage is initiated by executing a closed-loop negative Q-axis current instruction in a current closed-loop control mode; and

the negative Q-axis current instruction is a ramp current signal.

6. The method in claim 4 , further comprising the steps of:

initiating an initial phase detection mode in response to user operation; and

starting a time counter for initiating a corresponding current control stage when the time counter's reading meets preset conditions, wherein the current control stage includes the Q-axis current control stage, the D-axis current control stage and the negative Q-axis current control stage.

7. The method in claim 6 , wherein the starting step includes:

initiating the Q-axis current control stage when the reading is less than a first preset threshold;

initiating the D-axis current control stage when the reading is greater than the first preset threshold but less than a second preset threshold;

initiating the negative Q-axis current control stage when the reading is greater than the second preset threshold but less than a third preset threshold; and

initiating the D-axis current control stage when the reading is greater than the third preset threshold but less than a fourth preset threshold.

8. The method in claim 1 , wherein the obtaining step includes the following step for obtaining the initial phase:

calculating, based on the second displacement data, the fourth displacement data and the encoder's CPR, a position corresponding to a line bisecting the minimum included angle defined by a position corresponding to the second displacement data and a position corresponding to the fourth displacement data.

9. The method in claim 8 , wherein the obtaining step further includes:

calculating a second difference between the second displacement data and the fourth displacement data;

comparing the second difference, separately, with a positive value of half of the encoder's CPR and with a negative value of half of the encoder's CPR;

if the second difference is greater than the negative value of half of the encoder's CPR but less than the positive value of half of the encoder's CPR, then the initial phase is a first average value between the second displacement data and the fourth displacement data;

if the second difference is both less than zero and less than the negative value of half of the encoder's CPR, then use a difference between the encoder's CPR and the fourth displacement data as fifth displacement data;

calculating a second average value between the fifth displacement data and the second displacement data;

if the fifth displacement data are greater than the second displacement data, then the initial phase is a sum of the second average value and the fourth displacement data;

if the fifth displacement data are less than or equal to the second displacement data, then the initial phase is a difference between the second displacement data and the second average value;

if the second difference is both greater than zero and greater than the positive value of half of the encoder's CPR, then use a difference between the encoder's CPR and the second displacement data as sixth displacement data;

calculating a third average value between the sixth displacement data and the fourth displacement data;

if the sixth displacement data are greater than the fourth displacement data, then the initial phase is a sum of the third average value and the second displacement data; and

if the sixth displacement data are less than or equal to the fourth displacement data, then the initial phase is a difference between the fourth displacement data and the third average value.

10. A system for controlling a permanent magnetic synchronous motor, comprising a control unit, a motor to be detected and an encoder, wherein:

the control unit is electrically connected to a rotor of the motor and to the encoder;

the rotor is coaxially connected to the encoder;

the control unit, through the encoder, sequentially acquires:

first displacement data which register the rotor's position at a Q-axis after the rotor spins from an initial position to the Q-axis;

second displacement data which register the rotor's position at a D-axis after the rotor spins from the Q-axis to the D-axis;

third displacement data which register the rotor's position at a negative Q-axis after the rotor spins from the D-axis to the negative Q-axis; and

fourth displacement data which register the rotor's position at the D-axis after the rotor spins from the negative Q-axis to the D-axis;

the control unit obtains an initial phase of the motor based on the second displacement data, the fourth displacement data and the encoder's CPR; and

the control unit determines a phase sequence of the motor based on the first displacement data, the second displacement data and the encoder's CPR.

11. The system in claim 10 , wherein the control unit is configured for:

calculating a first difference between the first displacement data and the second displacement data;

comparing the first difference with a positive or negative value of half of the encoder's CPR; and

determining the phase sequence of the motor based on an outcome of the comparing step.

12. The system in claim 11 , wherein the control unit is configured for:

if the first difference is greater than zero but less than the positive value of half of the encoder's CPR, then the motor is wired in a positive phase sequence;

if the first difference is both less than zero and less than the negative value of half of the encoder's CPR, then motor is wired in a positive phase sequence;

if the first difference is less than zero but greater than the negative value of half of the encoder's CPR, then motor is wired in a negative phase sequence; and

if the first difference is both greater than zero and greater than the positive value of half of the encoder's CPR, then motor is wired in a negative phase sequence.

13. The system in claim 10 , wherein:

the control unit includes a CPU and a memory;

the CPU initiates a Q-axis current control stage for moving the rotor towards the Q-axis;

the CPU acquires the first displacement data through the encoder when the rotor arrives at the Q-axis;

the CPU initiates a D-axis current control stage for moving the rotor towards the D-axis;

the CPU acquires the second displacement data through the encoder when the rotor arrives at the D-axis;

the CPU initiates a negative Q-axis current control stage for moving the rotor towards the negative Q-axis;

the CPU acquires the third displacement data through the encoder when the rotor arrives at the negative Q-axis;

the CPU initiates the D-axis current control stage for moving the rotor towards the D-axis; and

the CPU acquires the fourth displacement data through the encoder when the rotor arrives at the D-axis.

14. The system in claim 10 , wherein the control unit is configured for:

calculating, based on the second displacement data, the fourth displacement data and the encoder's CPR, a position corresponding to a line bisecting the minimum included angle defined by a position corresponding to the second displacement data and a position corresponding to the fourth displacement data.

15. The system in claim 14 , wherein the control unit is configured for:

calculating a second difference between the second displacement data and the fourth displacement data;

comparing the second difference, separately, with the positive value of half of the encoder's CPR and with the negative value of half of the encoder's CPR;

if the second difference is greater than the negative value of half of the encoder's CPR but less than the positive value of half of the encoder's CPR, then the initial phase is a first average value between the second displacement data and the fourth displacement data;

if the second difference is both less than zero and less than the negative value of half of the encoder's CPR, then use a difference between the encoder's CPR and the fourth displacement data as fifth displacement data;

calculating a second average value between the fifth displacement data and second displacement data;

if the fifth displacement data are greater than the second displacement data, then the initial phase is a sum of the second average value and the fourth displacement data;

if the fifth displacement data are less than or equal to the second displacement data, then the initial phase is a difference between the second displacement data and the second average value;

if the second difference is both greater than zero and greater than the positive value of half of the encoder's CPR, then use a difference between the encoder's CPR and the second displacement data as sixth displacement data;

calculating a third average value between the sixth displacement data and the fourth displacement data;

if the sixth displacement data are greater than the fourth displacement data, then the initial phase is a sum of the third average value and the second displacement data; and

if the sixth displacement data are less than or equal to the fourth displacement data, then the initial phase is a difference between the fourth displacement data and the third average value.