Plastic air-waveguide antenna with conductive particles
This document describes techniques and apparatuses for a plastic air-waveguide antenna with conductive particles. The described antenna includes an antenna body made from a resin embedded with conductive particles, a surface of the antenna body that includes a resin layer with no or fewer conductive particles, and a waveguide structure. The waveguide structure can be made from a portion of the surface on which the embedded conductive particles are exposed. The waveguide structure can be molded as part of the antenna body or cut into the antenna body using a laser, which also exposes the conductive particles. If the waveguide is molded as part of the antenna body, the conductive particles can be exposed by an etching process or by using the laser. In this way, the described apparatuses and techniques can reduce weight, improve gain and phase control, improve high-temperature performance, and avoid at least some vapor-deposition plating operations.
1. An antenna, comprising:
an antenna structure, the antenna structure including:
an antenna body made from a resin embedded with conductive particles, the conductive particles being fibers, strands, crystals, pellets, or flakes of a conductive material; and
a surface of the antenna body comprising a resin layer without the embedded conductive particles; and
a waveguide structure, the waveguide structure comprising a portion of the surface of the antenna structure on which the embedded conductive particles are exposed.
2. The antenna of claim 1 , wherein the antenna structure further comprises additional exposed embedded conductive particles on a portion of the surface of the antenna structure in addition to the waveguide structure.
3. The antenna of claim 1 , wherein the antenna structure further comprises a conductive coating on at least a portion of the surface of the antenna structure.
4. The antenna of claim 1 , wherein the antenna structure further comprises at least one of a conducting pattern or an absorbing pattern on the surface of the antenna structure, the at least one of a conducting or an absorbing pattern comprising another portion of the surface of the antenna structure that is not the waveguide structure.
5. The antenna of claim 1 , wherein the antenna further comprises multiple antenna structures and multiple waveguides, the multiple antenna structures and multiple waveguides assembled in a layered stack, the layers electrically connected, one to another.
6. A method of manufacturing an antenna, the method comprising:
forming an antenna structure from a resin embedded with conductive particles by at least including a surface comprising a resin layer without the conductive particles, the conductive particles being fibers, strands, crystals, pellets, or flakes of a conductive material; and
providing a waveguide structure on the surface of the antenna structure by exposing the embedded conductive particles on at least a portion of the surface of the antenna structure.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein providing the waveguide structure further comprises cutting the waveguide structure into the surface of the antenna structure by using a laser to form a conductive channel.
8. The method of claim 7 , further comprising exposing additional embedded conductive particles on another portion of the surface of the antenna structure that is adjacent to the waveguide structure by using the laser to remove the resin layer on the other portion of the surface of the antenna structure.
9. The method of claim 7 , further comprising exposing additional embedded conductive particles on another portion of the surface of the antenna structure that is adjacent to the waveguide structure by etching the other portion of the surface of the antenna structure to remove the resin layer.
10. The method of claim 6 , further comprising applying a conductive coating to at least a portion of the exposed portion of the surface of the antenna structure.
11. The method of claim 6 , further comprising providing at least one of a conducting pattern or an absorbing pattern on the surface of the antenna structure by using a laser to remove another portion of the resin layer.
12. The method of claim 6 , further comprising providing at least one of a conducting pattern or an absorbing pattern on the surface of the antenna structure by etching another other portion of the surface of the antenna structure to remove the resin layer.
13. The method of claim 6 , further comprising assembling multiple antennas in a layered stack, the layers electrically connected, one to another.
14. A method of manufacturing an antenna, the method comprising:
forming an antenna structure from a resin embedded with conductive particles by at least including:
a surface in the antenna structure that comprises a resin layer without the embedded conductive particles; and
a waveguide structure; and
exposing the conductive particles on a portion of the surface of the antenna structure that comprises the waveguide structure, the conductive particles being fibers, strands, crystals, pellets, or flakes of a conductive material.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein forming the antenna structure from the resin embedded with conductive particles by at least including the waveguide structure further comprises forming the antenna structure with a channel in the surface of the antenna structure.
16. The method of claim 14 , wherein exposing the embedded conductive particles on the portion of the surface of the antenna structure that comprises the waveguide structure comprises etching at least the portion of the surface of the antenna structure that comprises the waveguide structure to remove the resin layer.
17. The method of claim 14 , wherein exposing the embedded conductive particles on the portion of the surface of the antenna structure that comprises the waveguide structure comprises using a laser to remove the resin layer from at least the portion of the surface of the antenna structure that comprises the waveguide structure.
18. The method of claim 14 , further comprising applying a conductive coating to at least a portion of the exposed portion of the surface of the antenna structure to increase an electromagnetic (EM) energy output of the antenna.
19. The method of claim 14 , further comprising forming at least one of a conducting pattern or an absorbing pattern on the surface of the antenna structure using a laser or an etching process to remove the resin layer on another portion of the surface of the antenna structure.
20. The method of claim 14 , further comprising;
assembling multiple antennas in a layered stack, the layers electrically connected, one to another; and
configuring the layered stack of multiple antennas as a three-dimensional antenna array to reduce signal loss.