Assembling flanged couplings

1. A pulling and alignment system for flanged components, the system comprising:

at least one pair of flange attachments adapted to be fixed to respective flanges of the components that are to be pulled together and aligned for coupling;

a puller device supported by at least one of the flange attachments of the pair; and

a flexible elongate pulling link extending between the flange attachments of the or each pair, the pulling link being engaged by, and movable relative to, the puller device to act in tension between those flange attachments;

wherein the pulling link is an articulated rod comprising a longitudinal series of rigid elements and ball-and-socket couplings between adjacent elements of the series, such that, each of those elements are pivotably coupled to at least one other of those elements, and

wherein the puller device engages longitudinally-spaced recesses between adjacent elements of the series.

2. The system of claim 1 , comprising limiting formations for limiting relative pivotal movement between adjacent elements of the series.

3. The system of claim 1 , wherein each flange attachment is a flange extension that comprises:

a mounting adapted to fix the flange attachment to one of the flanges; and

an arm cantilevered from the mounting to extend beyond said one of the flanges and to hold the pulling link outwardly of said one of the flanges.

4. The system of claim 3 , wherein the mounting comprises at least one spigot arranged to extend into a bolt hole of said one of the flanges.

5. The system of claim 4 , wherein the or each spigot is radially expandable within the bolt hole for engagement with said one of the flanges.

6. The system of claim 4 , wherein the or each spigot extends transversely with respect to the arm.

7. The system of claim 3 , wherein the pulling link extends through an opening in the arm of at least one flange attachment of a pair of said at least one pair of flange attachments, the opening being located distally with respect to the mounting.

8. The system of claim 7 , wherein the mounting comprises at least one spigot arranged to extend into a bolt hole of said one of the flanges.

9. The system of claim 8 , wherein the or each spigot is radially expandable within the bolt hole for engagement with said one of the flanges.

10. The system of claim 8 , wherein the or each spigot extends transversely with respect to the arm.

11. The system of claim 8 , wherein the opening extends in a direction substantially parallel to the or each spigot.

12. The system of claim 1 , wherein the pulling link is flexible in three dimensions.

13. The system of claim 1 , wherein the puller device is supported by a first flange attachment of a pair of said at least one pair of flange attachments and the pulling link is fixed relative to a second flange attachment of that pair.

14. The system of claim 13 , comprising a removably attachable anchor part acting between the pulling link and the second flange attachment.

15. The system of claim 14 , wherein the anchor part bears against a side of the second flange attachment that faces away from the first flange attachment.

16. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a spacer part positioned between, and bearing against, the flange attachments to limit convergence between the flange attachments.

17. The system of claim 1 , wherein the puller device comprises a ratchet mechanism movable reciprocally along the pulling link, the ratchet mechanism comprising teeth that are movable radially to engage and pull the pulling link during an advance stroke and to release the pulling link during a return stroke.

18. The system of claim 17 , wherein the puller device further comprises a unidirectional lock having radially-movable pawls to engage and hold the pulling link during the return stroke of the ratchet mechanism.

19. The system of claim 1 , comprising at least two pairs of flange attachments, each with at least one respective puller device and pulling link.

20. The system of claim 19 , further comprising a power supply and control system capable of actuating the puller devices independently of each other.

21. The system of claim 19 , wherein the components are pipes, the flanges extend radially from the pipes and the pairs of flange attachments are distributed angularly around central longitudinal axes of the pipes.

22. The system of claim 21 , comprising at least three pairs of flange attachments, each with at least one respective puller device and pulling link.

23. The system of claim 1 , wherein the flange attachments are fixed temporarily to fixing holes provided in the respective flanges, the fixing holes being usable subsequently to receive fastenings that couple the flanges together.

24. The system of claim 23 , wherein the flange attachments occupy fewer fixing holes than are provided in the respective flanges, others of those fixing holes remaining unoccupied to receive fastenings that couple the flanges together.

25. The system of claim 24 , comprising at least two flange attachments on each flange, wherein the unoccupied fixing holes are between those flange attachments.

26. A method of pulling together and aligning flanged components, the method comprising:

fixing flange attachments to respective flanges of the components as an opposed pair; and

tensioning a flexible elongate puffing link between the opposed pair of flange attachments by engaging longitudinally-spaced recesses of the pulling link, the pulling link being an articulated rod comprising a longitudinal series of rigid elements, at least one of those elements pivoting with respect to at least one other of those elements as the flanges are pulled together.

27. The method of claim 26 , comprising limiting relative pivotal movement between adjacent elements of the series while pulling the flanges together.

28. The method of claim 26 , comprising:

bending the pulling link along its length to accommodate misalignment between the flanges; and

straightening the pulling link under tension to correct the misalignment.

29. The method of claim 26 , comprising bending the pulling link along its length in at least two mutually-transverse directions transverse to its length.

30. The method of claim 26 , comprising limiting convergence between the flanges to maintain a gap between the flanges.

31. The method of claim 26 , comprising:

coupling the flanges with fastenings while the flanges remain apart but aligned and substantially parallel;

removing the flange attachments and the pulling links; and

tightening the fastenings to bring the flanges together.

32. The method of claim 26 , comprising fixing the flange attachments to fixing holes provided in the respective flanges and, after removing the flange attachments, coupling the flanges with fastenings received in those fixing holes.