Closed-air closed-desiccant humidifier-dehumidifier atmospheric water generator system
An atmospheric water generator system which includes an air dryer system containing a plurality of air dryers configured to pass ambient air over a desiccant for the desiccant to absorb moisture from the air and a humidifier-dehumidifier system which is configured to humidify a gas mixture using the desiccant and dehumidify the humidified gas mixture to produce freshwater. The atmospheric water generator system includes a closed desiccant loop and a closed gas mixture loop configured such that ambient air does not enter the humidifier-dehumidifier system. The humidifier-dehumidifier system is configured such that the gas mixture passes back and forth between the humidifier and dehumidifier between two and six times in a single pass of the closed gas mixture loop. Also disclosed is a method of generating freshwater using the atmospheric water generator system.
1. A method of extracting freshwater from ambient air comprising:
passing a flow of ambient air over the air dryer system comprising a strong desiccant to produce dry air and a weak desiccant;
heating the weak desiccant to produce a heated desiccant;
cycling a gas mixture, the cycling comprising
humidifying a dehumidified gas mixture using a humidifier comprising the heated desiccant to produce a humidified gas mixture and to regenerate the strong desiccant;
dehumidifying the humidified gas mixture using a dehumidifier by cycling the humidified gas mixture from the humidifier to the dehumidifier to produce freshwater and a dehumidified gas mixture;
collecting the freshwater; and
returning the strong desiccant to the air dryer system; wherein
the cycling of the humidified gas mixture from the humidifier to the dehumidifier and the dehumidified gas mixture from the dehumidifier to the humidifier does not mix the humidified gas mixture with the dehumidified gas mixture and does not mix the humidified gas mixture or the dehumidified gas mixture with ambient air.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cycling is performed 2 to 6 times.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the strong desiccant is an aqueous solution comprising lithium chloride at a concentration of 0.341 to 0.40 kg lithium chloride per kg of aqueous solution and the weak desiccant is an aqueous solution comprising lithium chloride at a concentration of 0.25 to 0.340 kg lithium chloride per kg of aqueous solution.
4. The method of claim 1 , which has a freshwater production rate of 40 to 200 kgh −1 .
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the weak desiccant is heated to 70 to 90° C.
6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising cooling the strong desiccant before returning the strong desiccant to the air dryer system.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the strong desiccant is cooled to a temperature of 20 to 40° C.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein a ratio of a desiccant mass flowrate to an air mass flowrate is adjustable and is of 3.0:1 to 16:1.
9. The method of claim 8 , which has an energy consumption of 20 to 250 kWh per m 3 of freshwater generated.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method has a gained output ratio, defined as the ratio of the product of a mass of freshwater generated by the system times a vaporization latent heat of the freshwater to an amount of heat used to heat the weak desiccant, of 6:1 to 110:1.