Intra-oral electroencephalography device and method
A mouthpiece for being worn on the upper dentition of a user includes electrodes and a microprocessor that operate as an electroencephalograph for detecting electrical activity in the user's brain. The mouthpiece may be useful in a variety of applications, such as athletics, gaming, and personal hobbies.
1. A mouthpiece comprising: a dentition attachment portion contoured to at least partially extend around and receive at least a partial upper portion of a dentition of a user, the dentition attachment portion having an occlusal surface, a buccal wall extending from the occlusal surface on a first side and a lingual wall extending from the occlusal surface on a second side, the buccal wall comprising a gum portion configured to be positioned adjacent the user's alveolar mucosa; and a plurality of EEG electrodes positioned on or embedded in the gum portion, the plurality of EEG electrodes comprising: a first EEG electrode and a third EEG electrode positioned on a right-side of the gum portion; and a second EEG electrode and a fourth EEG electrode positioned on a left-side of the gum portion, wherein each of the first EEG electrode, the second EEG electrode, the third EEG electrode, and the fourth EEG electrode is spaced apart from each other, the gum portion is configured such that when the mouthpiece is configured to be inserted in the user's oral cavity, each of the first EEG electrode, the second EEG electrode, the third EEG electrode, and the fourth EEG electrode is in contact with the user's alveolar mucosa such that the plurality of EEG electrodes detect brain wave signals through a maxillary bone of the user.
2. The mouthpiece of claim 1 , further comprising a microprocessor connected to the plurality of EEG electrodes, wherein the microprocessor is configured to identify sleep in the user and assess a depth of the user's sleep using a combination of the first EEC electrode, the second EEG electrode, the third EEG electrode, and the fourth EEG electrode.
3. The mouthpiece of claim 1 , further comprising a microprocessor connected to the plurality of EEG electrodes, wherein the microprocessor is configured to detect the presence of a brain injury in the user using a combination of the first EEG electrode, the second EEC electrode, the third EEG electrode, and the fourth EEG electrode.
4. The mouthpiece of claim 1 , further comprising:
an oxygen sensor positioned on or embedded in the lingual wall or the buccal wall,
wherein the oxygen sensor is configured to determine actual oxygen saturation levels of the user's hemoglobin.
5. The mouthpiece of claim 1 , further comprising:
an oxygen sensor positioned on or embedded in the lingual wall, such that the oxygen sensor is configured to determine actual oxygen saturation levels of the user's hemoglobin by contacting the user's tongue.
6. The mouthpiece of claim 5 , further comprising a microprocessor connected to the oxygen sensor and the plurality of EEG electrodes, wherein the microprocessor is configured to detect the presence of a brain injury in the user using a combination of the oxygen sensor, the first EEG electrode, the second EEG electrode, the third EEG electrode, and the fourth EEG electrode.
7. The mouthpiece of claim 1 , further comprising:
at least one sensor positioned on the gum portion,
wherein the at least one sensor comprises at least one of a pressure sensor, an airflow sensor, a noise detector, and an actigraphy sensor.
8. The mouthpiece of claim 1 , further comprising:
a microprocessor positioned on the mouthpiece,
wherein the microprocessor is further configured to detect an EEG rhythm indicative of epilepsy in the user.
9. The mouthpiece of claim 1 , wherein the gum portion has an anterior portion and a posterior portion, and wherein the first EEG electrode and the second EEG electrode are positioned on the anterior portion of the gum portion, and the third EEG electrode and the fourth EEG electrode are positioned on the posterior portion of the gum portion.
10. The mouthpiece of claim 1 , wherein the mouthpiece further comprises a palate portion extending from the lingual wall of the dentition attachment portion.
11. The mouthpiece of claim 10 , further comprising:
a microprocessor connected to the plurality of EEG electrodes,
wherein the microprocessor is disposed along the palate portion of the mouthpiece.
12. The mouthpiece of claim 1 , further comprising a plurality of electrical leads connecting the first EEG electrode, the second EEG electrode, the third EEG electrode and the fourth EEG electrode to the microprocessor.
13. The mouthpiece of claim 1 , comprising a mouthguard configured to protect the dentition of the user during at least one of an athletic activity and a gaming activity.