Process for producing non-cyclic alkoxy-functional polysiloxanes
A reaction product containing a non-cyclic alkoxy-functional polysiloxane is produced by heating a reaction system, which contains a cyclic polyorganosiloxane of the formula [(R 1 2 SiO) 2/2 ] n , where the subscript n is an integer of at least 4 and each R 1 is an alkyl group or aryl group; a silane of the formula R 2 (4−m) Si(OR 3 ) m , where the subscript m is an integer from 1 to 4, each R 2 independently is an alkyl group or aryl group, a hydrocarbyl group or a halogenated hydrocarbyl group and each R 3 independently is an alkyl group; and a catalyst system comprising a metal trifluoromethanesulfonate of the formula [M] + [CF 3 SO 3 ] − , where M is a metal atom selected from sodium (Na) and potassium (K), and a Brønsted acid, wherein Brønsted acids having a pKa≤3.0, preferably having a pKa≤2.0, particularly preferably having a pKa≤−0.0 are used.
1. A process for producing a reaction product comprising a non-cyclic alkoxy-functional polysiloxane, the process comprising:
heating a reaction system comprising:
(A) a cyclic polyorganosiloxane of formul a [(R 1 2 SiO) 2/2 ] n , wherein n is an integer of at least 4 and each R 1 is an alkyl group or aryl group;
(B) a silane of formula R 2 (4-m) Si(OR 3 ) m , wherein m is an integer from 1 to 4, each R 2 independently is selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group, aryl group, a hydrocarhyl group, and a halogenated hydrocarbyl group, and each R 3 independently is an alkyl group; and
(C) a catalyst system comprising:
a metal trifluoromethanesulfonate of formula [M] + [CF 3 SO 3 ] − , wherein M is a metal atom selected from sodium (Na) and potassium (K), and
a Brønsted acid,
wherein the Bøonsted acid has a pKa≤3.0.
2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein a molar ratio of the Brønsted acid to the metal trifluoromethanesulfonate is in a range from 1:10 to 10:1.
3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the Brønsted acid is selected from the group consisting of carboxylic acids, sulfonic acids, and mineral acids.
4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the silane is selected from the group consisting of
a ditnethyldialkoxysilane selected from the group consisting of diethoxydimethylsilane and dimethoxydimethylsilane,
a methyltrialkoxysilane selected from the group consisting of triethoxymethylsilane, and trimethoxymethylsilane, and
a tetraalkoxysilane selected from the group consisting of tetraethoxysilane and tetramethoxysilane.
5. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the cyclic polyorganosiloxane is selected from the group consisting of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D 4 ), decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D 5 ), dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane (D 6 ), and a mixture thereof.
6. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the cyclic polyorganosiloxane is a cyclic branched polyorganosiloxane of D/T type which is,
i) mixtures of cyclic branched siloxanes of the D/T type which comprises siloxanes having D and T units and whose cumulative proportion of D and T units present in a siloxane matrix and having Si-alkoxy and/or SiOH groups, determinable by 29 Si NMR spectroscopy, is ≤2 mole per cent, or
ii) mixtures of cyclic branched siloxanes having D and T units whose cumulative proportion of D and T units present in a siloxane matrix and having Si-alkoxy and/or SiOH groups, determinable by 29 Si NMR spectroscopy, is greater than 2 and less than 10 mole per cent.
7. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the heating takes place at a temperature of 40° C. to 180° C., for a time which suffices for the formation of the non-cyclic alkoxy-functional siloxane.
8. The process according to claim 1 , wherein (A) and (B) are used in amounts such that a molar ratio of (A)/(B) is at least 1:1.
9. The process according to claim 1 , wherein (C) is present in an amount of 0.1 to 5 wt. %, based on combined weights of the (A), (B), and (C).
10. The process according to claim 1 , wherein water is not added to the reaction system.
11. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the Bronsted acid has a pKa≤0.0.
12. The process according to claim 2 , wherein the molar ratio of the Bronsted acid to the metal trifluoromethanesulfonate is in a range from 1:2 to 2:1.
13. The process according to claim 3 , wherein the Bronsted acid is selected from the group consisting of trifluoroacetic acid, methanesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, dodecylbenzenesuffonic acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, and phosphoric acid.
14. The process according to claim 5 , wherein the cyclic polyorganosiloxane is D 5 .
15. The process according to claim 6 , wherein, for the mixture of i), the cumulative proportion of D and T units is less than 1 mole per cent, and wherein the mixture of i) comprises at east 5 per cent by weight of a siloxane cycle selected from the group consisting of D 4 , D 5 , and a mixture thereof.
16. The process according to claim 8 , wherein the molar ratio of (A)/(B) is at least 2:1.
17. The process according to claim 9 , wherein (C) is present in an amount of 0.5 to 1 wt. %, based on the combined weights of (A), (B), and (C).