Motor vehicle roof antenna with external microphone and operating method thereof

1. A motor vehicle roof antenna, comprising:

a motor vehicle external microphone, comprising:

a microphone unit, comprising:

a microphone capsule arranged in a microphone housing, wherein the microphone housing comprises a microphone opening, through which an acoustic channel is formed between the microphone opening and the microphone capsule; and

a changeover device configured to:

release the microphone opening in an activated state of the motor vehicle exterior microphone; and

close the microphone opening in a deactivated state of the motor vehicle external microphone;

a base body for mounting on a vehicle roof; and

an antenna body coupled to the base body, wherein at least one element of the base body or the antenna body is movable by the changeover device.

2. The motor vehicle roof antenna according to claim 1 , wherein the changeover device comprises a servomotor as an adjusting device configured to move the motor vehicle external microphone from the deactivated state to the activated state or vice versa.

3. The motor vehicle roof antenna according to claim 2 , wherein the changeover device comprises a spring device arranged to counteract the adjusting device.

4. The motor vehicle roof antenna according to claim 1 , wherein the changeover device comprises:

an electromagnetic device, comprising a first element and a second element movable relative to each other, wherein

the first element is mounted on the second element; and

the first element or the second element is coupled in a stationary manner to the microphone opening; and

a control device configured to control the electromagnetic device such that the first element and the second element attract each other in a first state, and repel or do not attract each other in a second state, in order to close or release the microphone opening.

5. The motor vehicle roof antenna according to claim 1 , wherein the changeover device is configured to move the antenna body relative to the base body so that an opening between the base body and the antenna body is provided to expose the microphone opening by a width in a range between 1 mm and 3 mm.

6. The motor vehicle roof antenna according to claim 5 , wherein the opening between the base body and the antenna body is a circumferential gap.

7. The motor vehicle roof antenna according to claim 5 , wherein the microphone opening projects into the opening between the base body and the antenna body, and the microphone capsule is installed above the opening between the base body and the antenna body.

8. The motor vehicle roof antenna according to claim 7 , wherein the microphone housing is watertight.

9. A motor vehicle, comprising

a motor vehicle external microphone, comprising:

a microphone unit, comprising:

a microphone capsule arranged in a microphone housing, wherein the microphone housing comprises a microphone opening, forming an acoustic channel between the microphone opening and the microphone capsule; and

a changeover device configured to:

release the microphone opening in an activated state of the motor vehicle exterior microphone; and

close the microphone opening in a deactivated state of the motor vehicle external microphone;

a motor vehicle outer surface with a recess, wherein

the motor vehicle external microphone is arranged in the recess in the deactivated state; and

the microphone opening projects from the motor vehicle outer surface in the activated state; and

a control device configured to put the motor vehicle external microphone into the activated state when the motor vehicle is locked.

10. The motor vehicle according to claim 9 , wherein the control device is configured to put the motor vehicle external microphone into the deactivated state when the motor vehicle is started.

11. The motor vehicle according to claim 9 ,

wherein the control device is configured to put the motor vehicle external microphone into the deactivated state after a predetermined period of time after the motor vehicle is locked; and

wherein the control device is configured to put the motor vehicle external microphone back into the activated state when an authorized user is approaching the motor vehicle within a predeterminable threshold value.

12. The motor vehicle according to claim 9 , further comprising:

a sensor device coupled to the control device, wherein

the sensor device is configured to ascertain whether the motor vehicle is parked and locked in a car wash; and

the control device is configured to deactivate the motor vehicle external microphone and/or to leave it in the deactivated state if the motor vehicle is parked and locked in the car wash.

13. A method for operating a motor vehicle roof antenna having a motor vehicle external microphone, comprising:

releasing a microphone opening by moving at least one element of a base body of the motor vehicle roof antenna or an antenna body of the motor vehicle roof antenna to activate the motor vehicle external microphone; and

closing the microphone opening by moving at least one element of the base body or the antenna body to deactivate the motor vehicle external microphone, wherein

the microphone opening and a microphone capsule arranged in a microphone housing form an acoustic channel of the motor vehicle external microphone;

the base body is mounted on a vehicle roof;

the antenna body is coupled to the base body; and

at least one element of the base body or the antenna body is movable.