Cryogenic stirling refrigerator with mechanically driven expander
Integral linear cryogenic Stirling refrigerator comprised of the free piston positive displacement pressure wave generator, the moving assembly of which is connected to the free piston displacer by the dynamic “spring-mass-spring” mechanical phase shifter the mechanical properties of which (spring rates and weight) are selected to provide a predetermined phase lag of motion of the displacer piston relative to the moving assembly of pressure wave generator.
1. A cryogenic refrigerator device comprising:
a housing that is configured to enclose a gaseous working agent;
a positive displacement compressor, having a moving component configured to be driven back and forth within the housing along a longitudinal axis of the device by a linear electromagnetic actuator;
a displacer that includes a regenerative heat exchanger and that is configured to slide back and forth along the longitudinal axis within a cold finger that is connected to a distal end of the housing, wherein a proximal end of the displacer is connected to a displacer plunger that includes a bore that enables flow of the working agent between the regenerative heat exchanger and a warm chamber that is proximal to the displacer plunger;
an auxiliary mass configured to slide back and forth along the longitudinal axis within the housing and between the moving component of the compressor and the displacer plunger, a proximal end of the auxiliary mass connected to the moving component of the compressor by a drive spring and a distal end of the auxiliary mass connected to the displacer plunger by a displacer spring such that motion of the moving component of the compressor is transmitted to the displacer solely via drive spring, the auxiliary mass and the displacer spring, wherein the auxiliary mass includes a bore to enable the working agent to flow between a compression chamber located between the moving component of the compressor and the auxiliary mass and the warm chamber, and a mass of the auxiliary mass and spring rates of the drive spring and the plunger spring are selected to introduce a predetermined phase shift of motion of the displacer relative to motion of the moving component of the compressor, both of which are driven back and forth periodically, the predetermined phase shift selected to maximize a coefficient of performance of the device.
2. The device of claim 1 , further comprising an electromagnetic driver that is configured to drive the moving component of the compressor back and forth.
3. The device of claim 2 , wherein the electromagnetic driver comprises a moving assembly comprising axially and oppositely polarized permanent magnets configured to slide back and forth within the housing along the longitudinal axis, and a coil that is wound about the housing and return iron enclosing the driving coil.
4. The device of claim 3 , wherein the compressor comprises a drive piston that is connected to a shaft that extends distally from the magnet assembly.
5. The device of claim 3 , wherein the axially and oppositely magnetized permanent magnets are separated by a ferromagnetic spacer.
6. The device of claim 1 , wherein the moving component of the compressor is a piston, the device further comprising a clearance seal between the piston and a static cylinder.
7. The device of claim 1 , wherein the moving component of the compressor is a cylinder, the device further comprising a clearance seal between the cylinder and a static piston.
8. The device of claim 7 , wherein the compressor comprises a cylinder liner with a proximal cap, the magnet assembly surrounding and attached to the cylinder liner, the cylinder configured to slide back and forth around a cylindrical core that is fixed to the housing.
9. The device of claim 8 , further comprising a clearance seal between the core and the cylinder liner.
10. The device of claim 1 , further comprising a linear electric motor that is configured to drive the moving component of the compressor back and forth.
11. The device of claim 1 , wherein the predetermined phase shift is in the range of 25° to 35°.
12. The device of claim 1 , wherein a phase shift between motion of the auxiliary mass and motion of the drive piston is in the range of 195° to 205°.
13. The device of claim 1 , further comprising a clearance seal between the displacer plunger and the housing.
14. The device of claim 1 , wherein the auxiliary mass comprises a central bore so as to allow pneumatic communication of the working agent between the compression chamber, the warm chamber and a warm side of the regenerator.