Thermal energy storage array

1. A thermal energy storage system, comprising:

an ice brick having at least one inlet and at least one outlet for a first fluid; and

a plurality of capsules having a second fluid therein, wherein the plurality of capsules is arranged inside the ice brick;

wherein:

the first fluid is a heat transfer fluid for exchanging heat with the second fluid;

the second fluid is a phase-change medium; and

wherein an average length of an actual flow path of the first fluid from a front end of the ice brick to the back end of the ice brick is larger than a length of the ice brick;

the ice brick is shaped as a tube with a rectangular cross section;

a ratio of the length of the ice brick to the width of the ice brick is in a range of 4 to 50; and

a ratio of a width of the ice brick to the height of the ice brick is in a range of 0.5 to 4.

2. The thermal energy storage system of claim 1 , wherein a flow path of said first fluid through said ice brick is arranged as a meander path.

3. The thermal energy storage system of claim 1 , wherein said ice brick is an elongated ice brick and a cross section of said ice brick is rectangular.

4. The thermal energy storage system of claim 1 , wherein:

the shape of the ice brick is rectangular;

a ratio of the length of the ice brick to the width of the ice brick is in a range from 12 to 20; and

a ratio of a width of the ice brick to the height of the ice brick is about 2.

5. The thermal energy storage system of claim 1 , wherein a total volume of the second fluid of the plurality of capsules is 50% to 95% of the total volume of the ice brick.

6. The thermal energy storage system of claim 1 , wherein said capsule comprises a cyclohexane shape.

7. The thermal energy storage system of claim 1 , wherein at least one surface of the capsules comprises protrusions adapted to create or increase a turbulence of the flow of the first fluid though the ice brick.

8. The thermal energy storage system of claim 1 , further comprising rigid spacers placed between the capsules.

9. The thermal energy storage system of claim 1 , wherein said capsules comprise one or more of narrow-side spacers and broad-side spacers and wherein said spacers create a gap between said capsules when the capsules are packed together inside said ice brick.

10. The thermal energy storage system of claim 1 , further comprising flexible spacers placed between the capsules, wherein the flexible spacers comprise flaps.

11. The thermal energy storage system of claim 10 , wherein:

the capsules are generally box or plate shaped; and

the spacers are sized such that a free flow area between broad-sides of two capsules is in a range of 15% to 30% of a cross sectional area of a free flow area between the capsules without the spacers.

12. The thermal energy storage system of claim 1 wherein:

said ice brick further comprises a plurality of spacers inserted between said capsules;

said spacers ensure fluid flow of said first fluid through said ice brick; and

said spacers cause turbulent flow when the gap between said capsules increases when said second fluid melts.

13. The thermal energy storage system of claim 1 , wherein said capsule comprises a quartz nucleating agent.

14. The thermal energy storage system of claim 1 , wherein the capsule comprises heat transfer strips.

15. The thermal energy storage system of claim 14 , wherein the heat transfer strips are made of material that has a thermal conductivity k of more than 75 W/(m*K) under standard conditions.

16. The thermal energy storage system of claim 1 , wherein:

the capsules are generally box or plate shaped; and

the capsules comprise ridges such that the capsules are arranged to provide a space as flow channel for the first fluid in between the capsules.

17. The thermal energy storage system of claim 1 , comprising a plurality of ice bricks, wherein:

a ratio of a combined length of the plurality of ice bricks to a flow-cut-area per capsule is in a range of about 40 to 200 cm/cm2;

the flow-cut-area is defined as a cross sectional free flow area for the first fluid in the ice brick per capsule.

18. The thermal energy storage system of claim 1 , wherein said ice brick has an energy storage capacity of 15-23 TRH (Ton Refrigeration Hour).

19. A structure comprising an ice brick according to claim 1 , wherein:

the structure is selected from a group consisting of:

a wall;

a floor; and

a roof.

20. The structure of claim 19 , comprising a plurality of ice bricks are interconnected for fluid communication of the first fluid flowing through said ice bricks and wherein said ice bricks are stacked on top of one another.

21. A method of thermal energy storage comprising:

providing an ice brick according to claim 1 ; and

charging the ice brick by pumping said first fluid through said ice brick.

22. The method of claim 21 , wherein:

said ice brick comprise an array of interconnected ice bricks;

said charging said ice brick comprises:

charging a first ice brick;

monitoring a temperature of said first fluid; and

transferring charging said ice brick from charging said first ice brick to charging a second ice brick based on said temperature.

23. A method of thermal energy storage comprising:

providing an ice brick according to claim 1 ; and

discharging the ice brick by pumping said first fluid through said ice brick.

24. The method of claim 23 , wherein:

said ice brick comprise an array of interconnected ice bricks;

said discharging said ice brick comprises:

discharging a first ice brick;

monitoring a temperature of said first fluid; and

transferring discharging said ice brick from discharging said first ice brick to discharging a second ice brick based on said temperature.